The Roman Empire (Latin:Imperium Rōmānum; Classical Latin:[ɪmˈpɛ.ri.ũː roːˈmaː.nũː]Ancient and Medieval Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, tr.Basileia tōn Rhōmaiōn) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia. The extended city of Rome was the largest city in the world c.100 BC–c.400 AD, with Constantinople (New Rome) becoming the largest around 500 AD, and the Empire's populace grew to an estimated 50 to 90million inhabitants (roughly 20% of the world's population at the time). The 500-year-old republic which preceded it was severely destabilized in a series of civil wars and political conflict, during which Julius Caesar was appointed as perpetual dictator and then assassinated in 44 BC. Civil wars and executions continued, culminating in the victory of Octavian, Caesar's adopted son, over Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the annexation of Egypt. Octavian's power was now unassailable and in 27 BC the Roman Senate formally granted him overarching power and the new title Augustus, effectively marking the end of the Roman Republic.
Ancient Rome was an Italiccivilization that began on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 8th century BC. Located along the Mediterranean Sea and centered on the city of Rome, it expanded to become one of the largest empires in the ancient world with an estimated 50 to 90million inhabitants (roughly 20% of the world's population) and covering 6.5millionsquarekilometers (2.5millionsqmi) during its height between the first and second centuries AD.
Credit... This distinct variety of the Greek language developed in what is today central Turkey from the Byzantine era until the 1920s ... During the Eastern Roman era, known today as the Byzantine period, Greek became the dominant language of the region.
... political skills and the skillful balancing act between republican custom and imperial control, unleashed the famous Pax Romana—an era of peace, security, and prosperity across the Roman world.
With its soaring dome and intricate mosaics, Agia Sophia fuses Greek, Roman, and Byzantine influences, symbolizing the bridge between cultures and eras—much like the name itself.
Archaeologists and historians are unlocking startling new insights into a pivotal moment in human history—the brutal naval clash that birthed the RomanEmpire...Mosaic from a Roman basilica inside Nicopolis (Diazoma).
... In Porphyreon, wall veneers were largely made from Prokonnesian marble, though some darker tiles hinted at origins in Lesbos or Dokimeion, possibly indicating the recycling of Roman-era materials.
An aerial view of the Roman-era gladiator tomb in Liternum, Italy... A marble tomb believed to belong to a Roman gladiator has been uncovered in a newly discovered cemetery in the ancient town of Liternum, now part of Giugliano in Campania, Italy.
This naturally got us wondering – what’s behind it all?What is beef tallow? ... It was also the first material used to make dipped candles, dating back to the Roman era, and was used widely for centuries before beeswax became popular as an alternative ... .
All that remains of the domes that once formed the roof, the ancient capitals that supported them, and the engraved inscriptions detailing successive historic eras – Roman, Byzantine, Mamluk, and ...
They also unearthed tombs and mass graves dating back to the Greco-Roman and Late Roman periods ...TellRoud had even more precious artifacts and remains from the ancient past to share with the contemporary era.