Rod (god)

Rod (Slovenian: Rod, Belarusian, Bulgarian, Russian, Serbian: Род, Ukrainian: Рід, Croatian: Rod) is a Slavic deity, often mentioned in the Old Church Slavonic didactic literature which was directed against pagans. Rod is usually accompanied by Rozhanitsy (singular rozhanitsa), female deities or demigodesses who are his companions. The name "Rod", as well as the word "rozhanitsa", is derived from the Common Slavonic root meaning "birth", "origin", "kin" (compare Greek genesis and its cognates, such as genealogy). In modern Russian, the word "rod" means "kin", and "rozhenitsa" is "a woman in childbirth".

As there are very few written sources concerning pre-Christian Slavic beliefs, details of the cult of Rod are still unclear. He is definitely connected with childbirth in some way; anti-Pagan didactic text often mention "Rozhanitsy meal" that was held the day after Christmas (later Babinden), when midwives and mothers were honoured. Boris Rybakov believed Rod was the supreme deity in the Slavic pantheon, the creator of all life. Rybakov's conception was criticized by many scholars, including Leo Klejn and Nikolai Zubov. Klejn states Rod was rather a demigod, a personification of fate. Rozhanitsy, then, were similar to Parcae or even fairy godmothers in European fairytales, who visit newborns and foretell their future. In some South Slavic traditions rozhanitsy are known as "sudenitsy" (singular sudenitsa, lit. "she who judges"). Very similar to them are Dolya and Nedolya, or Srecha and Nesrecha, personifications of good and bad luck. Viljo Johannes Mansikka noted that in Slavic countries such Greek terms as τύχη (luck) and είμαρμένη (destiny) were sometimes translated as "rod" and "rozhenitsy". Jan Máchal believed that rozhanitsy were spirits of female ancestors who patronized the women of the kin (with Rod being the personification of the kin) and defined the destiny of their newborns.

God

In monotheism and henotheism, God is conceived of as the Supreme Being and principal object of faith. The concept of God as described by theologians commonly includes the attributes of omniscience (infinite knowledge), omnipotence (unlimited power), omnipresence (present everywhere), omnibenevolence (perfect goodness), divine simplicity, and eternal and necessary existence.

God is also usually defined as a non-corporeal being without any human biological gender, but his role as a creator has caused some religions to give him the metaphorical name of "Father". Because God is concieved as not being a corporeal being, he cannot (some say should not) be portrayed in a literal visual image; some religious groups use a man to symbolize God because of his role as the "father" of the universe and his deed of creating man's mind in the image of his own.

In theism, God is the creator and sustainer of the universe, while in deism, God is the creator, but not the sustainer, of the universe. Monotheism is the belief in the existence of one God or in the oneness of God. In pantheism, God is the universe itself. In atheism, God does not exist, while God is deemed unknown or unknowable within the context of agnosticism. God has also been conceived as being incorporeal (immaterial), a personal being, the source of all moral obligation, and the "greatest conceivable existent". Many notable philosophers have developed arguments for and against the existence of God.

God (Tori Amos song)

"God" is a song by American singer-songwriter and musician Tori Amos. It was released as the second single from her second studio album Under the Pink. It was released on February 3, 1994 by Atlantic Records in North America and on October 3 by EastWest Records in the UK.

The song reached number 44 on the UK Singles Chart. as well as #1 on the US Modern Rock Chart.

Releases

The B-sides to the American release included Amos' reworking of "Home on the Range", with new lyrics, as well as a two-song instrumental piano suite. An American cassette single featured the b-side "Sister Janet".

A completely different single was released in Europe on CD, 12" and 7" vinyl single, and cassette. The 7" single was a glossy dual sided picture disc. The various formats featured ambient and jungle house remixes of the track by CJ Bolland, Carl Craig and The Joy.

Track listing

God (Rebecca St. James album)

God is the third studio album by then 18-year-old Christian pop and rock artist Rebecca St. James. It was released on June 25, 1996 by ForeFront Records, and peaked at No. 200 on the Billboard 200. The title song was featured on WOW #1s: 31 of the Greatest Christian Music Hits Ever. It was RIAA Certified Gold in 2005. This was the first of many Rebecca St. James albums produced by Tedd Tjornhom aka Tedd T.

Track listing

God-VIDEO You're The Voice-VIDEO

Chart performance

Album - Billboard (North America)

Singles - CCM Magazine (North America)

Radio success

The song "God" was a hit in 1996, topping three Christian Rock Charts. The radio singles "You're the Voice", "Abba (Father)" and "Go & Sin No More" also did well, while the single "Me Without You" failed to gain major airplay. Though never released as singles "Psalm 139", "Speak to Me" and "You Then Me" have all become fan favorites.

References

Rod cell

Rod cells, or rods, are photoreceptor cells in the retina of the eye that can function in less intense light than the other type of visual photoreceptor, cone cells. Rods are concentrated at the outer edges of the retina and are used in peripheral vision. On average, there are approximately 90 million rod cells in the human retina. More sensitive than cone cells, rod cells are almost entirely responsible for night vision. However, because they have only one type of light-sensitive pigment, rather than the three types that human cone cells have, rods have little, if any, role in color vision (which is why colors are much less apparent in darkness).

Structure

Rods are a little longer and leaner than cones but have the same structural basis. The opsin or pigment is on the outer side, lying on the Retinal pigment epithelium, completing the cell's homeostasis. This epithelium end contains many stacked disks. Rods have a high area for visual pigment and thus substantial efficiency of light absorption.

Corporal punishment

Corporal punishment or physical punishment is punishment intended to cause physical pain on a person.

Common methods include spanking, paddling, caning and also bastinado. It can occur on minors but also on other individuals subjected to a right of corporal punishment such as prisoners in several countries or slaves in former times.

Official punishment for crime by inflicting pain or injury, including flogging, branding and even mutilation, was practised in most civilisations since ancient times. However, with the growth of humanitarian ideals since the Enlightenment, such punishments were increasingly viewed as inhumane. By the late 20th century, corporal punishment had been eliminated from the legal systems of most developed countries.

The legality in the 21st century of corporal punishment in various settings differs by jurisdiction. Internationally, the late 20th century and early 21st century saw the application of human rights law to the question of corporal punishment in a number of contexts:

ROD-188

ROD-188 is a sedative drug that was structurally derived from the GABA_A antagonist bicuculline by a team at Roche. Unlike bicuculline, ROD-188 acts as an agonist at GABA_A receptors, being a positive allosteric modulator acting at a novel binding site distinct from those of benzodiazepines, barbiturates or muscimol, with its strongest effect produced at the α6β2γ2 subtype of the GABA_A receptor. ROD-188 is one of a number of related compounds acting at this novel modulatory site, some of which also act at benzodiazepine receptors.

See also

References