Reflex anal dilation

Reflex anal dilation (RAD) is the reflexive dilation of the human anus to a diameter greater than two centimeters in response to the parting of the buttocks or anal stimulation, such as brushing with a medical instrument. RAD was theorized to be a clinical marker associated with anal sexual assault in children, and has been associated with other signs of sexual assault but also appears in children with severe chronic constipation and those subject to invasive medical treatments of the anus. The finding of RAD alone is not considered indicative of sexual abuse, and a normative sample of children not suspected of having been sexually abused found that 49 per cent of children showed anal dilation either continuously or intermittently, though the dilation exceeded 20 mm in only 1.2 per cent of cases.

Used extensively in the Cleveland child abuse scandal, it was discredited during the trial as the sole indication of sexual abuse, determined to be considered a sign of sexual assault by a tiny minority of British physicians. RAD as a clinical marker for sexual abuse is now considered discredited.

Anal

Anal may refer to:

Related to the anus

Literally

Metaphorically

Abbreviations

Other uses

See also

Namfau language

Anal, also known as Namfau after the two principal villages it is spoken in, is a Northern Kukish language, part of the Sino-Tibetan language family, spoken by the Anal people in India and a dwindling number in Burma. It had 23,000 speakers in India according to the 2001 census, and 50 in Burma in 2010. It has two principal dialects, Laizo and Malshom, and is closest to Lamkang. The language of wider communication is Meithei.

Anal is written in the Latin script, with a literacy rate of about 74%.

Langet may be a dialect, though its position within Kukish is uncertain (Shafer 1955:106).

Vocabulary

The following vocabulary exemplifies words in the language.

References

Bibliography