Red Right 88

Red Right 88 was the designation of a Cleveland Browns passing play that was called during the January 4, 1981 American Football Conference divisional playoff game against the Oakland Raiders; in the years since, the term has been used to refer to the game itself and its ending.

Game summary

With the game-time temperature at 4 °F (−16 °C), the coldest NFL game since the Ice Bowl of December 31, 1967, the first quarter contained nothing but punts and interceptions, with Cleveland's Ron Bolton and Oakland's Lester Hayes each recording a pick. Near the end of the quarter, Browns' quarterback Brian Sipe's 20-yard completion to Reggie Rucker sparked a drive inside the Raiders 30-yard line, but it ended with no points early in the second quarter when Don Cockroft missed a field goal attempt from 47 yards. On Oakland's ensuing drive, quarterback Jim Plunkett lost a fumble while being sacked, but their defense kept the Browns in check and Cockroft missed another field goal try, this one from 30 yards out.

Rudé právo

Rudé právo (Czech for Red Justice or The Red Truth) was the official newspaper of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia.

History and profile

Rudé právo was founded in 1920 when the party was splitting from the social democrats and their older daily Právo lidu (People's Right). During the 1920s and 1930s it was often censored and even temporarily stopped. In autumn 1938 the party was abolished and during the German occupation and World War II that came soon afterwards the newspaper became an underground mimeographed pamphlet. After the communist take-over in 1948 it became the leading newspaper in the country, the Czechoslovak equivalent of the Soviet Union's Pravda, highly propagandistic and sometimes obedient to the government. Its Slovak equivalent in Slovakia was Pravda.

Rudé právo had a circulation of over one million daily, making it the most widely read newspaper in Czechoslovakia. The communist government promoted its sales, for example, by sometimes forbidding other newspapers from being sold before 10am, or kiosk owners might paid to not sell other papers at all, or the presses that printed rival newspapers could just be ordered not to print them. Also, the subscription was more or less compulsory in the army, many factories, offices etc.