Burning Spear
Background information
Birth name Winston Godfrey Rodney
Born (1945-03-01) 1 March 1945 (age 67)
Genres Reggae
Years active 1969–present
Labels Studio One, Island, EMI, Heartbeat, Slash
Website www.burningspear.net

Winston Rodney, OD (born 1 March 1945[1][2]), also known as Burning Spear, is a Jamaican roots reggae singer and musician. Burning Spear is known for his Rastafari movement messages.

Contents

History [link]

Rodney was born in Saint Ann's Bay, Saint Ann, Jamaica, as were reggae singer Bob Marley and political activist Marcus Garvey who both had a great influence on Rodney's life: Garvey in his philosophy, which Burning Spear greatly took to, and Marley in directly helping Burning Spear get started in the music industry (by some accounts) by introducing him to Clement Dodd.[3] Rodney met Marley at the latter's farm in 1969, and having told him that he wanted to get into the music business, Marley advised him to start at Dodd's Studio One label.[3][4] Reggae singer Larry Marshall claimed that it was he, while visiting St. Ann's Bay with Jackie Mittoo, who was approached by Rodney, and gave him this advice, and arranged the introduction.[5]

Burning Spear was originally Rodney's group, named after a military award given by Jomo Kenyatta, the first Prime Minister and President of an independent Kenya,[6] and including bass singer Rupert Willington. This duo auditioned for Dodd in 1969, and recorded the debut single "Door Peep".[3] They were joined by tenor Delroy Hinds (brother of Justin Hinds).[3] The trio recorded several more singles for Dodd, and two albums, before they moved on to work with Jack Ruby in 1975.[3] Their first recording with Ruby, "Marcus Garvey", was intended as an exclusive track for Ruby's Ocho Rios-based Hi-Power sound system, but was released as a single, giving them an immediate hit, and was followed by "Slavery Days".[3] These recordings featured the backing band The Black Disciples, which included Earl "Chinna" Smith, Valentine Chin, Robbie Shakespeare and Leroy Wallace.[3] The group worked with Ruby on their third album, Marcus Garvey (1976), which was immediately successful and led to a deal with Island Records to give the album a wider release.[3] Island remixed and altered the speed of some of the tracks, much to the annoyance of fans and the group,[7] leading Rodney to set up his own Spear label for future releases where he would have full control, although further releases followed on Island including a dub album (Garvey's Ghost) and the Man in the Hills album.[3] In late 1976, Rodney split from both Ruby and group members Willington and Hinds, and from that point on used the name Burning Spear for himself alone. Dry and Heavy followed in 1977, self-produced but still on Island, and with a sizeable following by now in the United Kingdom,[7] he performed in London that year with members of Aswad acting as his backing band for a sold-out show at the Rainbow Theatre, which was recorded and released as Live!.[3] Aswad also provided backing on his next studio album, Social Living (1978), which also featured Sly Dunbar and Rico Rodriguez.[3] A dub version of the album, Living Dub (1979), was mixed by Sylvan Morris.[3] His profile was raised further by an appearance in the film Rockers, performing "Jah no Dead".[7]

In 1980, Rodney left Island Records, and set up the Burning Spear label, which he signed to EMI,[7] debuting on the label with Hail H.I.M., recorded at Marley's Tuff Gong studio and co-produced by Aston Barrett.[3] A Sylvan Morris dub version followed in the form of Living Dub Volume Two.[3] In 1982, Rodney signed with Heartbeat Records with a series of well-received albums following, including the 1985 Grammy-nominated Resistance.[3] He returned to Island in the early 1990s, releasing two albums before rejoining Heartbeat.

Burning Spear tours extensively, and several live albums have been issued. His 1999 album, Calling Rastafari brought his first Grammy Award in 2000,[6] a feat which he repeated with Jah Is Real in 2009.[8]

In the mid 1990s, he set up the Burning Music Production company, handling his own bookings, and in 2002, he and his wife, Sonia Rodney who has produced a number of his albums, restarted Burning Spear Records, giving him a greater degree of artistic control.[4][9][10] Since the mid-1990s, he has been based in Queens, New York.[11]

Burning Spear was awarded the Order of Distinction in the rank of Officer on 15 October 2007.[12]

The Track "We Are Going" was featured in cycling documentary "Roam" by The Collective.

Discography [link]

Main article: Burning Spear discography

Awards [link]

Burning Spear has won two Grammy Awards for Best Reggae Album; one at the 42nd Grammy Awards in 2000 for Calling Rastafari, and one for 2009's Jah Is Real. He has been nominated for a total of 12 Grammy Awards.[10][13]

Nominations for Best Reggae Album:

References [link]

  1. ^ Larkin, Colin (2002) The Virgin Encyclopedia of 70s Music, Virgin Books, ISBN 978-1-85227-947-9, p. 57
  2. ^ Some sources state 1948 (e.g. Thompson)
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Thompson, Dave: Reggae & Caribbean Music, 2002, Backbeat Books, ISBN 0-87930-655-6, p. 51-54
  4. ^ a b Jackson, Kevin (2004) "Audience appreciation gives Burning Spear the drive to continue", Jamaica Observer, 23 July 2004, retrieved 20 September 2009
  5. ^ Barrow, Steve & Dalton, Peter (2004) The Rough Guide to Reggae, 3rd edn., Rough Guides, ISBN 1-84353-329-4, p. 95
  6. ^ a b Moskowitz, David V. (2006) Caribbean Popular Music: an Encyclopedia of Reggae, Mento, Ska, Rock Steady, and Dancehall, Greenwood Press, ISBN 0-313-33158-8, p. 45-46
  7. ^ a b c d Greene, Jo-Ann "Burning Spear Biography", Allmusic, Macrovision Corporation
  8. ^ Rodman, Sarah (2009) "Roots-reggae pioneer keeps it ‘Real’", Boston Globe, 3 July 2009, retrieved 20 September 2009
  9. ^ Burning Spear Biography, Darmik
  10. ^ a b Brooks, Sadeke (2009) "Grammy Nods Burning Spear optimistic", Jamaica Gleaner, 1 February 2009, retrieved 20 September 2009
  11. ^ Baxter, Nicky (1996) "Reggae Torch Bearer: Burning Spear remembers the days of slavery", Metroactive, 15–21 February 1996, retrieved 20 September 2009
  12. ^ "Artistes presented with national awards", Jamaica Observer, 16 October 2007, retrieved 20 September 2009
  13. ^ "Fact Sheets - The Envelope", LA Times

External links [link]


https://wn.com/Burning_Spear

Colored gold

Pure gold is slightly reddish yellow in color, but colored gold in various other colors can be produced.

Colored golds can be classified to three groups:

  • Alloys with silver and copper in various proportions, producing white, yellow, green and red golds; typically malleable alloys
  • Intermetallic compounds, producing blue and purple golds, as well as other colors. These are typically brittle but can be used as gems and inlays
  • Surface treatments such as oxide layers

    • Pure 100% gold is 24 karat by definition, so all colored golds are less than this, with the common being 18K (75%), 14K (58%), and 9K (38%).

    Alloys

    White gold

    White gold is an alloy of gold and at least one white metal, usually nickel, manganese or palladium. Like yellow gold, the purity of white gold is given in karats.

    White gold's properties vary depending on the metals and proportions used. As a result, white gold alloys can be used for many different purposes; while a nickel alloy is hard and strong and therefore good for rings and pins, gold-palladium alloys are soft, pliable and good for white gold gemstone settings, sometimes with other metals like copper, silver, and platinum for weight and durability, although this often requires specialized goldsmiths. The term white gold is used very loosely in the industry to describe karat gold alloys with a whitish hue. It is a common misconception that the color of the rhodium plating, which is seen on many commercial pieces, is actually the color of white gold. The term "white" covers a large spectrum of colors that borders or overlaps pale yellow, tinted brown, and even very pale rose. The jewelry industry often conceals these off-white colors by rhodium plating.

    Read more
    This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Colored_gold

    Red gold (disambiguation)

    Red gold may refer to:

  • Red gold, a gold alloy and at least one other metal (e.g. copper)
  • Toona ciliata, the deciduous Australian Red Cedar tree
  • Red Gold, a tomato processing company based in Indiana, US
  • Red Gold (EP), an EP by Red Krayola

    • See also

  • All pages with titles containing red gold
    • Read more
    This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Red_gold_(disambiguation)

    Red & Gold

    Red & Gold is a 1988 album by folk rock band Fairport Convention.

    The album was released on the Rough Trade label, leading David Fricke, Rolling Stone's reviewer to comment

    The title track was written by Ralph McTell, and tells the story of the Battle of Cropredy Bridge, which occurred in 1644 during the English Civil War. The location has strong links with Fairport Convention, being the venue of their annual music festival; the story is told from the perspective of a farm worker, Will Timms, who describes "red and gold" as "royal colours", while the red itself represents the spilled blood of combatants and the gold the wheat fields in which the battle took place.

    The album entered the UK album chart on 28 January 1989, spending one week at No. 74.

    Track listing

  • "Set Me Up" (Dave Whetstone) - 4:23
  • "The Noise Club" (Maartin Allcock) - 3:12
  • "Red and Gold" (Ralph McTell) - 6:44
  • "The Beggar's Song" (Trad. arr. Allcock) - 3:33
  • "The Battle" (Ric Sanders) - 1:09
  • "Dark Eyed Molly" (Archie Fisher) - 4:34
    • Read more
    This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Red_&_Gold

    Podcasts:

    Part Two

    ALBUMS

    The Burning Spear Experience

    Released 2007

    Amiga Hit Collection 3

    Burning Spear

    ALBUMS

    Marcus Garvey / Garvey's Ghost

    Released 2010

    Jah Is Real

    Released 2008

    Living Dub, Volume 6

    Released 2007

    The Burning Spear Experience

    Released 2007

    Living Dub, Volume 5

    Released 2006

    Our Music

    Released 2005

    Live in South Africa 2000

    Released 2004

    Creation Rebel: The Original Classic Recordings From Studio One

    Released 2004

    Sounds from the Burning Spear

    Released 2004

    Live in Paris: Zenith '88

    Released 2003

    Man in the Hills & Dry and Heavy

    Released 2003

    Jah No Dead

    Released 2003

    FreeMan

    Released 2003

    Living Dub, Volume 2

    Released 2003

    Live at Montreux Jazz Festival 2001

    Released 2002

    20th Century Masters: The Millennium Collection: The Best of Burning Spear

    Released 2002

    Hail H.I.M.

    Released 2002

    Rare and Unreleased

    Released 2001

    Spear Burning

    Released 2001

    Best of the Fittest

    Released 2001

    Ultimate Collection

    Released 2001

    Mistress Music

    Released 2000

    Calling Rastafari

    Released 1999

    Living Dub, Volume 4

    Released 1999

    (A)Live in Concert '97

    Released 1998

    Appointment With His Majesty

    Released 1997

    Best of Burning Spear

    Released 1996

    Living Dub, Volume 3

    Released 1996

    Chant Down Babylon: The Island Anthology

    Released 1996

    Rasta Business

    Released 1995

    Love & Peace: Burning Spear Live!

    Released 1994

    The World Should Know

    Released 1993

    Jah Kingdom

    Released 1991

    Mek We Dweet

    Released 1990

    Man in the Hills

    Released 1989

    The Fittest Selection

    Released 1987

    100th Anniversary

    Released 1987

    Farover

    Released 1987

    People of the World

    Released 1986

    Resistance

    Released 1986

    Reggae Greats

    Released 1985

    The Fittest of the Fittest

    Released 1983

    Social Living

    Released 1980

    Living Dub, Volume 1

    Released 1979

    Live

    Released 1977

    Dry & Heavy

    Released 1977

    Garvey's Ghost

    Released 1976

    Marcus Garvey

    Released 1975

    Studio One Presents Burning Spear

    Released 1973

    Rocking Time

    Released 1973

    1980-10-23: Coconut Grove: Santa Cruz, CA, USA

    Harder Than the Best

    Live 1993

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    PLAYLIST TIME:

    The Ghost

    by: Burning Spear

    Marcus Garvey's words come to pass,
    Marcus Garvey's words come to pass,
    Can't get no food to eat,
    Can't get no money to spend, Wo-oo-oo
    Can't get no food to eat,
    Can't get no money to spend, Woo-oo-oo
    Come, little one and let me do what I can do for you
    And you and you alone
    Come, little one, wo-oo-oo
    Let me do what I can do for you and you alone, woo-oo-
    He who knows the right thing
    And do it not
    Shall be spanked with many stripes,
    Weeping and wailing and moaning,
    You've got yourself to blame, I tell you.
    Do right do right do right do right do right,
    Tell you to do right, Woo-oo-oo
    Beg you to do right, Woo -oo- oo
    Where is Bagawire, he's nowhere to be found
    He can't be found
    First betrayer who gave away Marcus Garvey
    Son of St. Ann, First prophesy,
    Catch them, Garvey old
    Catch them Garvey, catch them Woo-oo-oo
    Hold them Marcus, hold them Woo-oo-oo




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