Cider in the United Kingdom

Cider in the United Kingdom has historically been intertwined with local culture since Roman times and remains widely available at pubs, off licenses, and grocery stores.

History

Cider has been a staple of the British hearth for two thousand years, if not more. In 55 BC, the Romans upon their first travels to what they called Britannia found the native population already living there making a type of cider in what is present day Kent.

Until 2002, it was thought that cider made no appearance in England before 1066, or may have died out with the Celtic age and the tale given by Tacitus of cider just a memory until the Normans. In the autumn of that year William the Conqueror invaded England and brought with him a huge horde of noblemen and their soldier/serfs from Northern France; largely in the decades after 1066 they became the overlords of the conquered Saxon/Viking mix that they enslaved and demanded their underlings tend to the imported crops they had known from across the sea. Etymology leaves the world many clues as to what came next, even in terms of cidermaking. The present day English word for Malus domesticus is the Germanic rooted apple, taken from Old English æppel, not the Modern French pomme nor the older Norman pume, both taken from the Latin word for fruit, pomus. The common people didn't speak the tongue of their masters and would have used the words they knew beforehand, including for the crops they were forced to tend: "Adventures In English" on YouTube

Cider

Cider (/ˈsaɪdər/ SY-dər), known as hard cider in North America, is an alcoholic beverage made from the fermented juice of apples.

The juice of any variety of apple can be used to make cider, but cider apples are best. The addition of sugar or extra fruit before a second fermentation increases the alcoholic content of the resulting beverage.

Cider is popular in the United Kingdom, especially in the West Country, and widely available. The UK has the world's highest per capita consumption, as well as its largest cider-producing companies. Cider is also popular in other European countries including Ireland, Portugal (mainly in Minho and Madeira), France (in particular Brittany and Normandy), and Spain (especially Asturias and the Basque Country). Central Europe also has it own types of cider with Rhineland-Palatinate and Hesse producing a particularly tart version known as Apfelwein.

Cider alcohol content varies from 1.2% ABV to 8.5% or more in traditional English ciders, and 3.5% to 12% in continental ciders. In UK law, it must contain at least 35% apple juice (fresh or from concentrate), although CAMRA says that "real cider" must be at least 90% fresh apple juice. In the US, there is a 50% minimum. In France, cider must be made solely from apples. In 2014, a study found that a pint of mass-market cider contained five teaspoons (20.5 g) of sugar, nearly as much as the WHO recommends as an adult's daily allowance of added sugar, and 5–10 times the amount of sugar in lager or ale.

TransGaming

TransGaming Inc. is a company specialized in Smart TV gaming. The company has its head office in Toronto and offices in Tel Aviv and Kiev. It was founded by Gavriel State, who ran the Linux product division at the Corel Corporation. The current CEO is Dennis Ensing, who took over from Vikas Gupta, who is now Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors. TransGaming's Graphics and Portability Group was acquired by NVIDIA in 2015, paving way to NVIDIA's first office in Canada, located in Toronto. As a result of this, TransGaming is now focussed on its GameTree TV service.

Products

Cider

TransGaming's flagship product called Cider is a technology marketed towards developers that allows Windows games to run on Mac OS X. It shares much of the same core technology as Cedega but is designed for video game designers and publishers. Like Cedega, Cider is a proprietary fork of Wine.

At the 2007 World Wide Developer Conference (WWDC07), Electronic Arts announced their return to the Mac, publishing various titles simultaneously on both PCs and Macs, using Cider on the Mac.

CIDER

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