He represented Sri Lanka in international cricket between 1979 and 1988, making his debut in the 1979 ICC Trophy final against Canada. He had the honor of being in the first Sri Lankan Test team in 1982, and top-scored in the first innings with 65 – making a 99-run partnership with Arjuna Ranatunga. Madugalle represented Sri Lanka in 21 test matches and 63 One Day Internationals and also captained Sri Lankan cricket team in two test matches and 13 ODIs.
Ranjan Madugalle retired from international cricket in 1988. Subsequently he has become a match referee for the International Cricket Council and currently serves as the chief match referee of the ICC. He courted controversy by exhibiting bias against Asian teams the most notable incident of which happened during the Indian tour of Australia in 1999–2000.