Rama Ravi

Rama Ravi is a Carnatic vocalist and recipient of the Sangita Kala Acharya award from the Madras Music Academy.

Early life

Rama Ravi was born to Thulasi and M.R. Subramania Iyer, on 12 February 1943 in Chennai. In her early years, she was under the tutelage of her mother Thulasi, who was a student of Parur Sundaram Iyer. Later she joined the Kalakshetra, where she was a student of Mysore Vasudevachar, Budalur Krishnamurthi Sastrigal, M. D. Ramanathan, and T.K. Ramaswamy Iyengar. She also studied the Bharata Natyam Indian dance form at Kalakshetra under the tutelage of Rukmini Devi Arundale, Sarada Hoffman, and "Periya" Sarada.

Education

She has a Bachelor's degree and a Master's degree in Indian Music from Stella Maris College in Chennai. Her M.Litt dissertation was titled "Graces Figuring in South Indian Music." She was awarded the Muthuswamy Dikshitar Bicentenary Fellowship by the Sangeet Natak Academy, during which she specialized in Dikshitar Kritis under B. Rajam Iyer. She has also studied the Dhanammal school of music with T. Brinda, T. Muktha and music historian T. Sankaran. She is also trained in Hindustani music having studied under Vinay Chandra Mudgalya. She has also studied the veena and mridangam.

Surya

Surya (/ˈsʊərjə/; Sanskrit: सूर्य sūrya, also known as Aditya, Bhanu or Ravi Vivasvana in Sanskrit, and in Avestan Vivanhant, is the chief solar deity in Hinduism and generally refers to the Sun in Nepal and India.

Surya is the chief of the Navagraha, the nine Classical planets and important elements of Hindu astrology. He is often depicted riding a chariot harnessed by seven horses which might represent the seven colors of the rainbow or the seven chakras in the body. He is also the presiding deity of Sunday. Surya is regarded as the Supreme Deity by Saura sect and Smartas worship him as one of the five primary forms of God. The Sun god, Zun, worshipped by the Afghan Zunbil dynasty, is thought to be synonymous with Surya.

Depictions

Arka form

"Arka" form is worshiped mostly in North India and Eastern parts of India. The temples dedicated to the "Arka" form of Surya are Konark Temple in Orissa, Uttararka and Lolarka in Uttar Pradesh, and Balarka in Rajasthan. There was an old sun temple in Bahraich, Uttar Pradesh named Balarka Surya Mandir, built by King Tilokchand Arkawanshi in early 10th century AD which was destroyed in the 14th century during the Turkish invasions. The Surya temple in Konark was built by Ganga Vamsi king Narasimha Dev. Sun Temple, Modhera in Gujarat was built in 1026 AD by King Bhimdev of Solanki dynasty.

Alphonsus (crater)

Alphonsus is an ancient impact crater on the Moon that dates from the pre-Nectarian era. It is located on the lunar highlands on the eastern end of Mare Nubium, west of the Imbrian Highlands, and slightly overlaps the crater Ptolemaeus to the north. To the northwest is the smaller Alpetragius.

Description

The surface of Alphonsus is broken and irregular along its boundary with Ptolemaeus. The outer walls are slightly distorted and possess a somewhat hexagonal form.

A low ridge system of deposited ejecta bisects the crater floor, and includes the steep central peak designated Alphonsus Alpha (α). This pyramid-shaped formation rises to a height of 1.5 km above the interior surface. It is not volcanic in origin, but rather is made of anorthosite like the lunar highlands.

The floor is fractured by an elaborate system of rilles and contains three smaller craters surrounded by a symmetric darker halo. These dark-halo craters are cinder cone-shaped and are believed by some to be volcanic in origin, although others think they were caused by impacts that excavated darker mare material from underneath the lighter lunar regolith.

Ravi (rapper)

Kim Won-sik (Hangul: 김원식, born February 15, 1993), better known by his stage name Ravi (Hangul: 라비), is a South Korean rapper, songwriter and producer, signed under Jellyfish Entertainment. He is the main rapper of the South Korean boy group VIXX, and VIXX sub-unit VIXX LR.

Career

2012–2013: Debut with VIXX and Composing

Ravi was one of ten trainees who were contestants in Mnet's survival reality show MyDOL and was chosen to be apart of the final line-up and the 6-member boy group finally debuted with "Super Hero" on May 24, 2012 on M! Countdown. During MyDOL; Ravi was featured in Brian Joo's "Let This Die" and Seo In-guk's "Shake It Up" music videos. Ravi participated in writing "Super Hero", VIXX's debut single.

In 2013, he appeared in episode 4 of SBS's television drama The Heirs alongside his group members.

2014–2015: Collaborations and debut with sub-unit: VIXX LR

In 2014, Ravi collaborated with American artist Chad Future with "Rock the World" from his first mini-album and appeared in the music video for the single.

Ramah

Ramah may refer to:

See also

Rama in Jainism

Rama (Rāma), the hero of Ramayana, is described in the Jain scriptures as one of sixty-three illustrious persons, known as Salakapurusa. Among these, there is nine sets of Balabhadra, Narayana and prati-Narayana. Rama was the 8th Balabhadra with Lakshmana and Ravana being his Narayana and Prati-narayana counterparts. He is described as a young prince who is deprived of his throne and turned into a pauper. While living in exile his wife Sita is kidnapped by Ravana. Rama then rescues Sita with the help of his brother Lakshmana and King Sugriva. Ravana is killed by Lakshmana (a deviation from the Hindu epic where Rama slays Ravana) and they both go into hell. Rama becomes a Jain monk and his soul attains moksha (liberation from the cycle of birth and death). Sita becomes a Jain nun and is born into heaven.

Sources

The story of Rama in Jainism can be broadly classified into three groups; Samghadasa's version, Vimalsuri's version and Gunabhadra's version. Some of the early works which deal with Rama are:

Rama language

Rama is one of the indigenous languages of the Chibchan family spoken by the Rama people on the island of Rama Cay and south of lake Bluefields on the Caribbean coast of Nicaragua. Other indigenous languages of this region include: Miskito and Sumu (Craig 1992). Rama is one of the northernmost languages of the Chibchan family (Craig 1990:293).

The Rama language is severely endangered. Their language was described as "dying quickly for lack of use" as early as the 1860s (Pim & Seemann 1869:280). By 1980, the Rama were noted as having "all but lost their original ethnic language", and had become speakers of a form of English creole instead (Craig 1990:293). Language revival efforts began in 1980–1981 under the Sandinistas; though literacy campaigns were launched for neighbouring languages such as Miskito and Sumu, the same was not practical for Rama due to the small number of speakers. (Craig 1990:293). The fieldwork for the first dictionary of Rama was done during this time by Robin Schneider, a graduate student from the University of Berlin (Rigby & Schneider 1989). In 1992, only approximately 36 fluent speakers could be found among an ethnic population of 649 individuals in 1992 (Craig 1992). The number of speakers on Rama Cay island was only 4 in 1992, due to language shift to English that engendered Rama Cay Creole (Craig 1992).