Rake angle

Rake angle is a parameter used in various cutting and machining processes, describing the angle of the cutting face relative to the work. There are two rake angles, namely the back rake angle and side rake angle, both of which help to guide chip flow. There are three types of rake angles: positive, negative, and zero.

Generally, positive rake angles:

  • Make the tool more sharp and pointed. This reduces the strength of the tool, as the small included angle in the tip may cause it to chip away.
  • Reduce cutting forces and power requirements.
  • Helps in the formation of continuous chips in ductile materials.
  • Can help avoid the formation of a built-up edge.
  • Negative rake angles, by contrast:

  • Make the tool more blunt, increasing the strength of the cutting edge.
  • Increase the cutting forces.
  • Can increase friction, resulting in higher temperatures.
  • Can improve surface finish.
  • A zero rake angle is the easiest to manufacture, but has a larger crater wear when compared to positive rake angle as the chip slides over the rake face.

    Rake (angle)

    A rake is an angle of slope measured from horizontal, or from a vertical line 90° perpendicular to horizontal.

    A 60° rake would mean that the line is pointing 60 up from horizontal, either forwards or backwards relative to the object.

    Use

    There are many ways in which the term can be used.

    The rake of a ships prow measures the angle at which the prow rises from the water (the rake below water being called the bow rake). A motorcycle or bicycle fork rake measures the angle at which the forks are angled down towards the ground.

    In machining the rake angle is that which measures the cutting angle of the cutting head to the object being worked on. In geology it measures the angles at which one rock moves against another in a geological fault.

    In a theatre or opera house the stage can be raked to slope up towards the back of the stage to allow better viewing for the audience.

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