Race (biology)

In biological taxonomy, race (Latin: prōles, stirps) is an informal rank in the taxonomic hierarchy, below the level of subspecies; the term is recognized by some, but is no longer governed by any of the formal codes of biological nomenclature. It has been used as a higher rank than strain, with several strains making up one race. Various definitions exist. Races may be genetically distinct phenotypic populations of interbreeding individuals within the same species, or they may be defined in other ways, e.g. geographically, or physiologically.Genetic isolation between races is not complete, but genetic differences may have accumulated that are not (yet) sufficient to separate species.

Definitional approaches

Races are defined according to any identifiable characteristic, including gene frequencies. "Race differences are relative, not absolute". Adaptive differences that distinguish races can accumulate even with substantial gene flow and clinal (rather than discrete) habitat variation.

Biology

Biology is a natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy. Modern biology is a vast and eclectic field, composed of many branches and subdisciplines. However, despite the broad scope of biology, there are certain general and unifying concepts within it that govern all study and research, consolidating it into single, coherent fields. In general, biology recognizes the cell as the basic unit of life, genes as the basic unit of heredity, and evolution as the engine that propels the synthesis and creation of new species. It is also understood today that all organisms survive by consuming and transforming energy and by regulating their internal environment to maintain a stable and vital condition.

Subdisciplines of biology are defined by the scale at which organisms are studied, the kinds of organisms studied, and the methods used to study them: biochemistry examines the rudimentary chemistry of life; molecular biology studies the complex interactions among biological molecules; botany studies the biology of plants; cellular biology examines the basic building-block of all life, the cell; physiology examines the physical and chemical functions of tissues, organs, and organ systems of an organism; evolutionary biology examines the processes that produced the diversity of life; and ecology examines how organisms interact in their environment.

Biology (journal)

Biology is a quarterly, peer-reviewed, open access, scientific journal covering research on all aspects of biology. It was established in 2012 and is published by MDPI. The editor-in-chief is Chris O'Callaghan (University of Oxford). The journal publishes reviews, research papers, and communications.

Subject Areas

This journal covers all topics related to biology. More detail about the journal and its scope is available in the first editorial. Research fields of interest include, but are not limited to:

Biology 101

"Biology 101" is the first episode of the third season of Community. The episode originally aired on September 22, 2011 on NBC. The episode picks up where the second season left off, with Pierce out of the group. The study group resumes class at Greendale and decides to enroll in Biology.

The episode was written by Neil Goldman and Garrett Donovan and directed by Anthony Russo.

Plot

The study group decides to take a Biology class together, but Pierce soon faces problems when only six seats are available in the class. Jeff quickly makes enemies with their professor (Michael K. Williams) and is removed from the class, leaving an open slot for Pierce in both the class and their study group. Jeff's plans to reveal Pierce's relationship to the new professor backfires. Dean Pelton unwisely stokes a rivalry with Vice Dean Laybourne (John Goodman), the dean of the school's lucrative Air Conditioning Repair Annex. Abed becomes despondent when Cougar Town goes into hiatus and the group tries to cheer him up by introducing him to Cougarton Abbey, a British show that Cougar Town was based on. Unfortunately, that show was cancelled after six episodes, ending with the main characters committing mass suicide.

List of character races in Dungeons & Dragons

A character race is a fundamental part of the identity and nature of characters in the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game.

Each race has a distinct appearance, behavior and often range of statistics associated with it. The following races have appeared in D&D throughout its history.

Core races

In each edition, the core player character races are detailed in one of that edition's core rulebooks: Men & Monsters for "original" Dungeons & Dragons, the Basic Set and Rules Cyclopedia for "basic" Dungeons & Dragons and the Player's Handbook for all other editions.

Races from other sourcebooks

Key

References

Race (surname)

Race is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Racing

In sport, racing is a competition of speed, against an objective criterion, usually a clock or to a specific point. The competitors in a race try to complete a given task in the shortest amount of time. Typically this involves traversing some distance, but it can be any other task involving speed to reach a specific goal.

A race may be run continuously from start to finish or may be made of several segments called heats, stages or legs. A heat is usually run over the same course at different times. A stage is a shorter section of a much longer course or a time trial.

Early records of races are evident on pottery from ancient Greece, which depicted running men vying for first place. A chariot race is described in Homer's Iliad.

Forms of racing

Running a distance is the most basic form of racing, but races may be conducted in vehicles, such as boats, cars, cycles and aircraft; or with animals such as horses or dogs. Other forms of racing are by skis, kicksled, skates or wheelchair. In a relay race members of a team take turns in racing parts of a circuit or performing a certain racing form.