RNA polymerase
RNA polymerase (RNAP or RNApol) (Ribonucleic acid), also known as DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, is an enzyme that produces primary transcript RNA. In cells, RNAP is necessary for constructing RNA chains using DNA genes as templates, a process called transcription. RNA polymerase enzymes are essential to life and are found in all organisms and many viruses. In chemical terms, RNAP is a nucleotidyl transferase that polymerizes ribonucleotides at the 3' end of an RNA transcript.
History
RNAP was discovered independently by Charles Loe, Audrey Stevens, and Jerard Hurwitz in 1960. By this time, one half of the 1959 Nobel Prize in Medicine had been awarded to Severo Ochoa for the discovery of what was believed to be RNAP, but instead turned out to be polynucleotide phosphorylase.
The 2006 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Roger D. Kornberg for creating detailed molecular images of RNA polymerase during various stages of the transcription process.
Control of transcription
Control of the process of gene transcription affects patterns of gene expression and, thereby, allows a cell to adapt to a changing environment, perform specialized roles within an organism, and maintain basic metabolic processes necessary for survival. Therefore, it is hardly surprising that the activity of RNAP is both long, complex, and highly regulated. In Escherichia coli bacteria, more than 100 transcription factors have been identified, which modify the activity of RNAP.
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Death Alley Driver
by: RainbowRough and ready rider
in a supersonic sound machine
Rock and Roll survivor
Chrome pipes between your knees
Running all the red lites
Your gonna make a dead stop
But you just can't see the signs
Oh - you'll never win the race
But you can't give up the chase
Death alley driver
Living at high speed
Death alley driver...Yeah
Death alley driver...who knows what you need
Death alley driver...
One hundred twenty five smokin' on the turns
Always on the hit and run
But you never learn...
Running from the man... and you're running
from yourself
Another dirty angel heading straight to hell
Oh - you'll never win the race
But you won't give up the chase
Death alley driver...
Live in overdrive...Death alley driver...yeah
Death alley driver...ride to stay alive
Death alley driver...
let's go
Red lights in the mirror
Danger on the band
Got to take a detour cause a road block's up ahead
He takes you on the corner with a wave of his hand
Death is in the back seat of a big old black sedan
Oh - you'll never win the race...
As you turn and see his face...
Death alley driver...
Movin' for the kill
Death alley driver...yeah
Death alley driver...
Time is standing still...
Death alley driver...
Always on the run cause you're a...
Death alley driver
Love the way it feels
Death alley driver...yeah
Death alley driver
Hell on wheels...