Pydna (moth)

Pydna (moth) is a genus of moth in the family Geometridae.

References

Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database

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Moth

Moths comprise a group of insects related to butterflies, belonging to the order Lepidoptera. Most lepidopterans are moths and there are thought to be approximately 160,000 species of moth, many of which are yet to be described. Most species of moth are nocturnal, but there are also crepuscular and diurnal species.

Differences between butterflies and moths

While the butterflies form a monophyletic group, the moths, comprising the rest of the Lepidoptera, do not. Many attempts have been made to group the superfamilies of the Lepidoptera into natural groups, most of which fail because one of the two groups is not monophyletic: Microlepidoptera and Macrolepidoptera, Heterocera and Rhopalocera, Jugatae and Frenatae, Monotrysia and Ditrysia.

Although the rules for distinguishing moths from butterflies are not hard and fast, one very good guiding principle is that butterflies have thin antennae and (with one exception) have small balls or clubs at the end of their antennae. Moth antennae can be quite varied in appearance, but in particular lack the club end. The divisions are named by this principle: "club-antennae" (Rhopalocera) or "varied-antennae" (Heterocera).

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Moth (dinghy)

The Moth Class is the name for a small development class of sailing dinghy. Originally a cheap home built sailing boat designed to plane, now it is an expensive largely commercially produced boat designed to hydroplane on foils. Many of the older design Moths still exist and are fun recreational boats but far slower.

Types

The Moth types have been (not all may still exist):

the International Moth, a fast sailing hydrofoil dinghy with liberal restrictions;

the Classic Moth, a traditional dinghy with tighter restrictions

the British Moth, a one design sailboat similar to those sailed in the 1930s

the New Zealand Mark 2 scow moth which became abundant in the 1970s.

the earlier Restricted Moth of the 1960s and 70s which had fewer restrictions allowing for class development. Confusingly, this nomenclature was sometimes used interchangeably with the term International Moth in Australia and NZ.

History

Beginnings

The current International Moth is a result of merging two separate but similar historical developments. The first occurred in Australia in 1928 when Len Morris built a cat rigged (single sail) flat bottomed scow(horizontal bow rather than the "normal" vertical) to sail on Andersons' Inlet at Inverloch, a seaside resort, 130 km from Melbourne. The scow was hard chined, was 11 feet (3.4 m) long, and carried 80 square feet (7.4 m²) in single mainsail. The craft was named "Olive" after his wife. The construction was timber with an internal construction somewhat like Hargreave's box kite. "Olive's" performance was so outstanding, that a similar boat "Whoopee" was built. Len Morris then sold "Olive", and built another boat called "Flutterby", and with those three boats, the Inverloch Yacht Club was formed. Restrictions for the class known as the Inverloch Eleven Footer class were then drawn up, with the distinguishing characteristic that of being not a one-design boat but rather that of a boat permitting development within the set of design parameters.

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Moth (album)

Moth is the third full-length album by American indie band Chairlift, released in the United States via Columbia Records on January 22, 2016.

Critical reception

Before being released, Consequence of Sound, Pitchfork, Stereogum, and Billboard included Moth in their lists of most anticipated albums of 2016, and it has received generally favorable reviews.Brooklyn Magazine named the album its "Album of the Month" for January 2016.

In a positive review for Exclaim!, Stephen Carlick wrote that "with Moth, Chairlift make a strong claim to being one of pop music's best songwriting teams, with the production and vocal chops to bring their compositions fully and vibrantly to life."Rolling Stone praised the album as "a record where love, music and love for music come together beautifully."

Track listing

Source: Pitchfork Media

References

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Pydna

Pydna (in Greek: Πύδνα, older transliteration: Púdna) was a Greek city in ancient Macedon, the most important in Pieria. Modern Pydna is a small town and a former municipality in the northeastern part of Pieria regional unit, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Pydna-Kolindros, of which it is a municipal unit. Pydna is situated in fertile land close to the Thermaic Gulf coast. The main village of the former municipality is Kitros. It lies 6 km north of Korinos, 8 km south of Methoni and 13 km northeast of Katerini. Motorway 1 and the Piraeus–Platy railway (nearest station at Korinos) pass east of the village.

Ancient Pydna

Pydna was already a part of the Macedonian kingdom under Alexander I (Thucydides I.137.1). It was unsuccessfully besieged by the Athenians in 432 BC and again, after seceding from the Macedonian kingdom, in 410 BC by Archelaus I who successfully captured the city and transferred its population further inland, possibly at the site of modern Kitros; however, the old site was re-populated in the early 4th century. The Athenians, under Timotheus, seized Pydna in 364-363 BC, only to have it retaken in 357 BC by Philip II of Macedon. Pydna would remain part of the kingdom of Macedonia until its Roman conquest. In 317 BC, Alexander III's mother, Olympias took refuge there to escape from Cassander's wrath, incurred by Olympias' scheming against Phillip III and his wife. Cassander besieged the city and managed to capture it during the spring of 316 BC.

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Pydna (missile base)

Pydna is a former American missile base in Kastellaun, Germany.

Nuclear-equipped MGM-1 Matador, MGM-13 Mace and Nike-Hercules Missiles were stationed here.

It now hosts Nature One, a famous open-air electronic music festival.

Festival facilities now use the same bunkers that were once home to 64 Ground-Launch Cruise Missiles (GLCM) (BGM-109), Tactical Nuclear Missiles, under the operational control of the 38th Tactical Missile Wing of the United States Air Force.