Puyuma language
The Puyuma language or Pinuyumayan (Chinese: 卑南語; pinyin: Pēinán Yǔ) is the language of the Puyuma people, a tribe of indigenous people on Taiwan (see Taiwanese aborigines). It is a divergent Formosan language of the Austronesian family. Most speakers are older adults.
Puyuma is one of the more divergent of the Austronesian languages, and falls outside reconstructions of Proto-Austronesian.
Dialects
The internal classification of Puyuma dialects below is from (Ting 1978). Nanwang is usually showed to be the relatively phonologically conservative dialect but grammatically innovative, as it preserves proto-Puyuma voiced plosives and syncrets case.
Proto-Puyuma
- Nanwang
- (Main branch)
- Pinaski–Ulivelivek
- Rikavung
- Kasavakan–Katipul
Nanwang
(Main branch)
- Pinaski–Ulivelivek
- Rikavung
- Kasavakan–Katipul
Pinaski–Ulivelivek
Rikavung
Kasavakan–Katipul
Puyuma-speaking villages are:
Puyuma (Chinese: Nanwang 南王)
Apapulu (Chinese: Paosang 寶桑)
Alipai (Chinese: Pinlang 賓朗)
Pinaski (Chinese: Hsia Pinlang 下賓朗); 2 km north of Puyuma/Nanwang, and maintains close relations with it