Power purchase agreement

A power purchase agreement (PPA) is a contract between two parties, one which generates electricity (the seller) and one which is looking to purchase electricity (the buyer). The PPA defines all of the commercial terms for the sale of electricity between the two parties, including when the project will begin commercial operation, schedule for delivery of electricity, penalties for under delivery, payment terms, and termination. A PPA is the principal agreement that defines the revenue and credit quality of a generating project and is thus a key instrument of project finance. There are many forms of PPA in use today and they vary according to the needs of buyer, seller, and financing counterparties.

In the U.S., PPAs are typically subject to regulation by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). FERC determines which facilities applicable for PPAs under the Energy Policy Act of 2005. PPAs facilitate the financing of distributed generation assets such as photovoltaic, microturbines, reciprocating engines, and fuel cells.

Bill of sale

A bill of sale is a document that transfers ownership of goods from one person to another. It is used in situations where the former owner retains possession of the goods. Bills of sale may be used in a wide variety of transactions: people can sell their goods, exchange them, give them as gifts or mortgage them to get a loan. They can only be used:

  • to transfer ownership of goods that people already own;
  • to transfer ownership of moveable tangible goods; and
  • by individuals and unincorporated businesses.
  • Bills of sale exist at common law quite independently of any legislation. In England and Wales, they are regulated by two Victorian pieces of legislation: the Bills of Sale Act 1878 and the Bills of Sale Act (1878) Amendment Act 1882. This area of the law was subject to review by the Law Commission, which published a consultation paper on 9 September 2015.

    Bills of sale in the US

    Historical origin

    The term “bill of sale” originally referred to any writing by which an absolute disposition of personalty for value was effected or evidenced. A common feature of such dispositions is that the owner mortgagor remains in possession and exercises all the attendant rights of ownership, which may be so overwhelming as to induce a third party to accept the same chattel as a security for a grant, albeit without notice of the first mortgagee. This scenario made the bill of sale a veritable tool of fraud.

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    Latest News for: power purchase agreement

    Implats secures renewable energy partnership to bolster sustainability, cut costs

    Independent online (SA) 27 Jan 2025
    Impala Platinum (Implats) has signed a five-year power purchase agreement (PPA) with Discovery Green to supply wheeled renewable energy to its Impala Refineries operation, which is based in Springs, east of Johannesburg.

    PM Shehbaz optimistic of 'substantial cut' in power tariffs in coming months

    The News International 27 Jan 2025
    Separately in Oct, the premier announced the pre-mature termination of power purchase agreements (PPAs) with the five oldest IPPs, with annual savings of Rs60 billion or around Rs411bn over the remaining term of their contracts.

    Toshiba unit launches EneHub platform to support renewable transactions

    PV Magazine 27 Jan 2025
    It says the solution will facilitate power purchase agreements (PPAs) and simplify energy transactions ... The web-based platform facilitates agreements such as physical PPAs and virtual PPAs, enabling ...

    Trump’s $500 billion AI data-center project expected to be powered by solar

    PV Magazine 27 Jan 2025
    ... grid, looking at technology ranging from nuclear power to batteries. SB Energy has experience in developing solar and storage for datacenters, including a 942 MW power purchase agreement for Google.

    Green Lantern Solar transforms reclaimed gravel pit in Vermont | Projects Weekly

    Solar Builder 27 Jan 2025
    United Power Inc., an electric cooperative serving Colorado’s northern front range, has signed a power purchase agreement (PPA) for its latest solar resource, the 150 MW Byers Solar Farm.

    TriSMART explains new virtual power plant PPA business model in Texas

    Solar Builder 27 Jan 2025
    TriSMRT is a key installer now offering the new sonnen/Solrite virtual power plant power purchase agreement (VPA), which will offer a solar panel and battery installation at no upfront cost.

    ArcelorMittal and RBB Steel Service Centre sign MoU on CO2 emissions reduction

    Steel Technology 27 Jan 2025
    Richards Bay Minerals has signed a renewable power purchase agreement with Khangela Emoyeni Wind Farm Ltd to secure 140MW of wind energy from a new wind farm situated in the Western and Northern Cape Province.

    Sri Lanka appoints committee to review Adani wind power projects in Mannar, Pooneryn

    Deccan Herald 25 Jan 2025
    ... he said.</p>.<p>The previous government of Ranil Wickremesinghe in May last year signed a 20-year power purchase agreement for the 484 MW Adani wind plants at a rate of USD 0.826 per unit.

    Sri Lanka revokes power purchase deal with India’s Adani

    The News International 25 Jan 2025
    Sri Lanka has revoked a power purchase agreement with Indian conglomerate Adani Group following allegations of corruption, energy ministry sources in Colombo said on Friday.

    EVM, Solarvest and PECC2 Forge Strategic Partnership to Accelerate Renewable Energy Adoption in Vietnam through ...

    The Arabian Post 25 Jan 2025
    After years of research, the Vietnamese Government issued Decree 80/2024/ND-CP on July 3, 2024, regulating the mechanism for direct power purchase agreement (DPPA) between renewable energy generators and large electricity consumers.

    Sri Lanka revokes power purchasing pricing deal with Adani, appoints committee to review

    Financial Express 25 Jan 2025
    \u201cThe committee has started its work, and once the review is complete, we will determine what changes need to be made.\u201d The move comes after criticism of the 20-year power purchase agreement ...

    Sri Lanka revokes Adani power deal amid US bribery and fraud investigation: Report

    Kashmir Media Service 25 Jan 2025
    The Sri Lankan government has revoked a power purchase agreement with the Adani Group following a United States investigation into bribery and fraud against its chairperson, Gautam Adani- a close aide of Indian PM Narendra Modi.

    Mountain Parks Electric receives $100 million investment for renewable energy projects

    Sky-Hi News 25 Jan 2025
    Mountain Parks Electric will be using the investment to procure more than 300,000 megawatt hours of renewable energy through power purchase agreements in rural areas. This is estimated to power nearly 18,500 homes annually.

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