Porvoo

Porvoo (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈporʋoː]; Swedish: Borgå [ˈbɔrɡo]) is a city and a municipality situated on the southern coast of Finland approximately 50 kilometres (30 mi) east of Helsinki. Porvoo is one of the six medieval towns in Finland, first mentioned as a city in texts from 14th century. Porvoo is the seat of the Swedish-speaking Diocese of Borgå of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland.

Neighbour munocipalities: Askola, Loviisa, Myrskylä, Pornainen and Sipoo.

History

Porvoo was first mentioned in documents in the early 14th century, and Porvoo was given city rights around 1380, even though according to some sources the city was founded in 1346. The old city of Porvoo was formally disestablished and the new city of Porvoo founded in 1997 when the city of Porvoo and the Rural municipality of Porvoo were consolidated. When Sweden lost the city of Viborg to Russia in 1721, the episcopal seat was moved to Porvoo. At this time, Porvoo was the second largest city in Finland. After the conquest of Finland by Russian armies in 1808 Sweden had to cede Finland to Russia in 1809 (the Treaty of Fredrikshamn). The Diet of Porvoo in 1809 was a landmark in the History of Finland. The Tsar Alexander I confirmed the new Finnish constitution (which was essentially the Swedish constitution from 1772), and made Finland an autonomous Grand Duchy.

List of craters on Mars: O-Z

This is a list of craters on Mars. There are hundreds of thousands of impact crater on Mars, but only some of them have names. This list here contains only named Martian craters starting with the letter O – Z (see also lists for A – G and H – N).

Large Martian craters (greater than 60 km in diameter) are named after famous scientists and science fiction authors; smaller ones (less than 60 km in diameter) get their names from towns on Earth. Craters cannot be named for living people, and small crater names are not intended to be commemorative - that is, a small crater isn't actually named after a specific town on Earth, but rather its name comes at random from a pool of terrestrial place names, with some exceptions made for craters near landing sites. Latitude and longitude are given as planetographic coordinates with west longitude.

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

See also

References

1757 Porvoo

1757 Porvoo, provisional designation 1939 FC, is a stony asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, about 10 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at Turku Observatory on the southwestern coast of Finland, on 17 March 1939.

The asteroid orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.1–2.6 AU once every 3 years and 7 months (1,317 days). Its orbit shows an eccentricity of 0.13 and is tilted by 4 degrees to the plane of the ecliptic. It has a rotation period of 4.89 hours and an albedo of 0.05–0.07 based on observations by the Japanese Akari and the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer satellites. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link (CALL) assumes the body to by an S-type asteroid, despite the fact that the derived, low albedos from the space-based satellite observations are that of a carbonaceous, rather than a silicaceous asteroid.

The minor planet was named after Porvoo, Finnish city and municipality located on the southern coast of Finland, and east of the capital Helsinki. Porvoo is one of the six medieval towns in Finland, and is its second oldest city after Turku, location of the discovering observatory. In 1809, at the Diet of Porvoo, the Russian czar confirmed that Finland was annexed to the Russian empire as an autonomous nation.