Poll

Poll, polled or polling may refer to:

Figurative head counts

Mathematics, science, and technology

Johan Adam Pollich

Johan Adam Pollich or Johann (1 January 1741, Kaiserslautern - 24 February 1780) was a German doctor, botanist and entomologist.

He studied medicine in Strasbourg, and following graduation he practiced medicine for a short period of time. From 1764 onward he devoted his energies to natural sciences. In 1776 he published the first volume of Historia plantarum in Palatinatu, followed by volumes II & III the next year. Because of its excellent descriptions of plants, this work was highly praised by Pollich's contemporaries.

Works

Poll, Cologne

Poll (German: Köln-Poll [ˈkʰœln ˈpʰɔl], Colognian: Poll [ˈpɔɫˑ]) is a quarter of the city of Cologne, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is part of the borough of Porz.

Position

Polls natural border to the west is the Rhine. To the south it is the Bundesautobahn 4 and the Cologne Rodenkirchen Bridge, to the east Bundesautobahn 559 and to the north the railroad embankment leading to the Südbrücke, which is crossing the Rhine.

History

Poll was already inhabited during the New Stone Age; etymologically the name originates in a meaning like Swamp. The first documentary mentioning of Poll was on 1. April 1003 by monks from nearby Deutz Abbey, which was part of the Electorate of Cologne. The village Poll was suburbanized in 1889 and became a quarter of Cologne. Since 1975 it is part of city district Porz.

Transportation

Poll is served by the Bundesautobahn 4, Bundesautobahn 559 and three light rail stations of the Cologne Stadtbahn line 7. The Cologne Rodenkirchen Bridge connects Poll with Rodenkirchen. Destroyed due to an airstrike on 14 January 1945 it was rebuilt from 1952 to 1954. The Südbrücke was also destroyed in January 1945 and is in service again since 1950. This railway bridge is used mainly for goods traffic.

The Poll Diaries

The Poll Diaries (German: Poll) is a 2010 German drama film directed by Chris Kraus.The Poll Diaries is the most expensive film that has ever been made in Estonia.

Cast

References

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Poll (livestock)

The poll is a name of the part of an animal's head, alternatively referencing a point immediately behind or right between the ears. This area of the anatomy is of particular significance for the horse.

Specifically, the "poll" refers to the occipital protrusion at the back of the skull. However, in common usage, many horsemen refer to the poll joint, between the atlas (C1) and skull as the poll. The area at the joint has a slight depression, and is a sensitive location. Thus, because the crownpiece of a bridle passes over the poll joint, a rider can indirectly exert pressure on the horse's poll by means of the reins, bit, and bridle.

Importance of the poll in riding

The poll is especially important in riding, as correct flexion at the poll joint is a sign that the horse is properly on the bit. Over-flexion, with the poll lowered and the neck bent at a cervical vertebra farther down the neck, is usually a sign that the horse is either evading contact or that the rider is trying to pull the horse onto the bit, rather than correctly ride from behind. In classical dressage, the poll should always be the highest point on the horse when the horse is on the bit. The horse is always relaxed over the poll, giving it a relaxed look when going about its job. When, for example, the third vertebra (C3) is the highest point on the neck, rather than the poll, it is a clear sign of incorrect work.

DNA polymerase lambda

DNA polymerase lambda, also known as POLL, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the POLLA gene.

Function

Pol λ is a member of the X family of DNA polymerases. It is thought to resynthesize missing nucleotides during non-homologous end joining, a pathway of DNA double-strand break repair. The crystal structure of pol λ shows that, unlike the DNA polymerases that catalyze DNA replication, pol λ makes extensive contacts with the 5' phosphate of the downstream DNA strand. This allows the polymerase to stabilize the two ends of a double-strand break and explains how pol λ is uniquely suited for a role in non-homologous end joining. In addition to NHEJ, pol λ can also participate in base excision repair, where it provides backup activity in the absence of Pol β.

Besides its catalytic polymerase domain, pol λ has an 8 kDa domain and a BRCT domain. The 8 kDa domain has lyase activity that can remove a 5' deoxyribosephosphate group from the end of a strand break. The BRCT domain is a phosphopeptide binding domain that is common among DNA repair proteins and is likely involved in coordinating protein-protein interactions. Pol λ is structurally and functionally related to pol μ, another member of the X family that also participates in non-homologous end joining. Like pol μ, pol λ participates in V(D)J recombination, the process by which B-cell and T-cell receptor diversity is generated in the vertebrate immune system. Whereas pol μ is important for heavy-chain rearrangements, pol λ seems to be more important for light-chain rearrangements. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a single homolog of both pol λ and pol μ called Pol4.