List of Polish monarchs

Poland was ruled at various times either by dukes (the 9th–14th century) or by kings (the 11th-18th century). The longest-reigning dynasties were the Piasts (ca. 960–1370) and Jagiellonians (1386–1572). Intervening and subsequent monarchs were often rulers of foreign countries or princes recruited from foreign dynasties.

During the latter period, a tradition of free election of monarchs made it a uniquely electable position in Europe (16th–18th centuries). Polish independence ended with the Third Partition of Poland (1795) and was restored at the end of World War I (1918) on a republican basis.

Poland in the Early Middle Ages

See: Poland in the Early Middle Ages

Legendary rulers

Semi-legendary rulers of the western Polans (Greater Poland)

Piast Dynasty (Dukes of the Polans)

Kingdom of Poland, 966–1569

Piast dukes and kings

Fragmentation of the Kingdom of Poland, 1138–1314

See also: Fragmentation of the realm and Testament of Bolesław III Wrymouth

Piast high dukes

Reunification attempts in the Kingdom of Poland 1232–1305