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Poitevin (Poetevin) is a language spoken in Poitou, France. It is one of the regional languages of France and is not as commonly spoken as it once was, as the standard form of French now predominates. Poitevin is now classified as one of the langues d'oïl but is distinguished by certain features of the langue d'oc. The language is spoken on what was the border between the two language families of oïl and oc (placenames in the region clearly show historical settlement of oc speakers). The langue d’oïl subsequently spread south, absorbing oc features.
Poitevin is also widely referred to as parlanjhe (the language). François Rabelais wrote that he learned this dialect, along with many other languages and dialects, since he was educated in Fontenay-le-Comte. François Villon spoke some Poitevin as well.
The earliest attested written use of the language is in charters and legal documents dating from the 13th century; people who spoke it were known as the Poitevins. The earliest printed text is dated 1554 (La Gente Poitevinrie). A tradition of theatrical writing and dramatic monologues for performance typifies the literary output in the language, although from the 19th century and in the 20th century (especially with the publication of a weekly paper Le Subiet from 1901) regular journalistic production was also established. Geste Editions publishes a number of books in/about the Poitevin-Santongese language. Some linguists assert that the Serments de Strasbourg, the first text in French according to the official state position in France, were actually written in Poitevin.
Poitevin may refer to:
The Poitevin, known as the Chien de Haut-Poitou until 1957, is a breed of dog used in hunting as a scenthound, from the province of Poitou. This predominantly pack hound was created in the 17th century specifically to hunt wolves.
A very refined and athletic hound, with a flat gently sloping skull, a long narrow tapering muzzle, long slender well muscled neck, long straight heavily boned legs and a long tail. Their short coat is usually tricolour with a black saddle, tricolour with large black patches or white and orange. They are a scent hound with some sighthound traits. The Fédération Cynologique Internationale breed standard gives the ideal male height at the withers as between 62–72 centimetres (24–28 in) with females slightly smaller with a height range between 60–70 centimetres (24–28 in).
Originally there were three lines of the breed, the Larrye, the Montemboeuf and Céris. The finest of these lines, the Larrye, was created by the Marquis de Larrye of Poitou in 1692 when he received 12 hounds from the Dauphin of France, these he crossed with local hounds and English Staghounds. The breed suffered during the French Revolution, in 1793 Marquis François de Larrye of Poitou was beheaded during the Reign of Terror.
The Poitevin, also called Mulassier ("mule-breeder"),Poitevin Mulassier or Trait Mulassier is a draft horse from the Poitou area of France. It is a late-maturing breed with strong bones, known for its calm nature. It is found in many solid coat colors, the result of crossbreeding with several other European draft breeds throughout its history, and is the only French draft horse to be found in bay dun. Today, Poitevins are used mainly for driving, although some are used for riding and equine therapy.
Enthusiasts claim descent from the horses painted on the cave walls of Lascaux, though this has not been verified by scientific studies. Horses have been recorded in the area since at least the 10th century, and the regional type was preferred by magistrates and clergy in medieval times. The Poitevin breed as it is known today began to take shape in the early 17th century, as engineers began draining the French marshes and brought with them their draft horses, which were crossed with native horses. Since early in its history, the Poitevin has been used extensively for the breeding of mules, and although commonly called a draft horse, was not favored for agricultural purposes. During the 19th century, the population of the Poitevin increased, reaching 50,000 pure and crossbred mares by 1867. Crossbreeding with other draft breeds led to concerns about the purity of the Poitevin population, but a small group of breeders worked to preserve the remaining purebred population.
