Photomultiplier

Photomultiplier tubes (photomultipliers or PMTs for short), members of the class of vacuum tubes, and more specifically vacuum phototubes, are extremely sensitive detectors of light in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum. These detectors multiply the current produced by incident light by as much as 100 million times (i.e., 160 dB), in multiple dynode stages, enabling (for example) individual photons to be detected when the incident flux of light is very low. Unlike most vacuum tubes, they are not obsolete.

The combination of high gain, low noise, high frequency response or, equivalently, ultra-fast response, and large area of collection has maintained photomultipliers an essential place in nuclear and particle physics, astronomy, medical diagnostics including blood tests, medical imaging, motion picture film scanning (telecine), radar jamming, and high-end image scanners known as drum scanners. Elements of photomultiplier technology, when integrated differently, are the basis of night vision devices.

Tube

Tube, or Tubes, may refer to:

Film, television, and Internet

Music

Construction and mechanics

Tube (band)

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Tube (チューブ, chūbu) is a Japanese pop rock band formed in 1985. The members of the group are Nobuteru Maeda (前田亘輝), Michiya Haruhata (春畑道哉) Hideyuki Kakuno (角野秀行) and Ryoji Matsumoto (松本玲二). Tube members Maeda and Haruhata have composed for other artists under the Pipeline Project alias. Since the group released most of its songs in April to July, the catchphrase originated "Summer comes with Tube".

Discography

Albums

Tube (BBC Micro)

In computing, the Tube was the expansion interface and architecture of the BBC Microcomputer System which allowed the BBC Micro to communicate with a second processor, or coprocessor.

Under the Tube architecture, the coprocessor would run the application software for the user, whilst the Micro (acting as a host) provided all I/O functions, such as screen display, keyboard and storage devices management. A coprocessor unit could be coldplugged into any BBC Micro with a disk interface (whose ROM contained the necessary host software) and used immediately.

Implementation

The 40-pin IDC "Tube" connector was a simple slave connection to the host processor's main bus, with 8 data lines, 7 address lines, and an interrupt input. The Tube protocols were implemented by hardware in the attached device.

Inside the coprocessor unit a proprietary chip (the Tube ULA, manufactured initially by Ferranti) interfaced and logically isolated the host and coprocessor buses. This allowed the Tube to work with a completely different bus architecture in the coprocessor unit. The only other active components needed were a microprocessor, some RAM, a small ROM containing processor specific client code, glue logic such as an address decoder and a power supply.