Plumber (program)

The plumber, in the Plan 9 from Bell Labs and Inferno operating systems, is a mechanism for reliable uni- or multicast inter-process communication of formatted textual messages. It uses the Plan 9 network file protocol, 9P, rather than a special-purpose IPC mechanism.

Any number of clients may listen on a named port (a file) for messages. Ports and port routing are defined by plumbing rules. These rules are dynamic. Each listening program receives a copy of matching messages. For example, if the data /sys/lib/plumb/basic is plumbed with the standard rules, it is sent to the edit port. The port will write a copy of the message to each listener. In this case, all running editors will interpret this message as a file name, and open the file.

The plumber is the 9P file server that provides this service. Clients may use libplumb to format messages. Since the messages are 9P, they are network transparent.

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Plan 9

Plan 9 or Plan Nine may refer to:

Music

Operating systems

Plan 9 Records

Plan 9 Records, originally known as Blank Records, was an independent record label that was founded in 1977 by Glenn Danzig of the horror punk band The Misfits. The label was discontinued in 1995.

In 1977, Danzig founded Blank Records as a means to distribute music by his newly formed band, The Misfits. However, after only one release, The Misfits' first single "Cough/Cool" (1977), Mercury Records had wanted to use the same name for a sub-label. Danzig traded Mercury the rights to the name for studio time, which The Misfits used to record Static Age. Needing a new name for the label, Danzig decided on Plan 9 Records, a reference to the Ed Wood science fiction film Plan 9 from Outer Space (1959).

The label continued to release material by The Misfits, and later solo efforts by Glenn Danzig and his post-Misfits band Samhain. The only release not to include Danzig was The Victims' Victims EP in 1978.

Starting in 1987, all material was distributed by Caroline Records.

In 1995, due to a legal settlement between Danzig and Misfits bassist Jerry Only, the label was discontinued.

Plan 9 from Bell Labs

Plan 9 from Bell Labs is a distributed operating system, originally developed by the Computing Sciences Research Center at Bell Labs between the mid-1980s and 2002. It takes some of the principles of Unix, developed in the same research group, but extends these to a networked environment with graphics terminals.

In Plan 9, virtually all computing resources, including files, network connections, and peripheral devices, are represented through the file system rather than specialized interfaces. A unified network protocol called 9P ties a network of computers running Plan 9 together, allowing them to share all resources so represented.

The name Plan 9 from Bell Labs is a reference to the Ed Wood 1959 cult science fiction Z-movie Plan 9 from Outer Space. Also, Glenda, the Plan 9 Bunny, is presumably a reference to Wood's film Glen or Glenda. The system continues to be used and developed by operating system researchers and hobbyists.

History

Plan 9 from Bell Labs was originally developed, starting mid-1980s, by members of the Computing Science Research Center at Bell Labs, the same group that originally developed Unix and C. The Plan 9 team was initially led by Rob Pike, Ken Thompson, Dave Presotto and Phil Winterbottom, with support from Dennis Ritchie as head of the Computing Techniques Research Department. Over the years, many notable developers have contributed to the project including Brian Kernighan, Tom Duff, Doug McIlroy, Bjarne Stroustrup and Bruce Ellis.

Finger protocol

In computer networking, the Name/Finger protocol and the Finger user information protocol are simple network protocols for the exchange of human-oriented status and user information.

Name/Finger protocol

The Name/Finger protocol, written by David Zimmerman, is based on Request for Comments document RFC 742 (December 1977) as an interface to the name and finger programs that provide status reports on a particular computer system or a particular person at network sites. The finger program was written in 1971 by Les Earnest who created the program to solve the need of users who wanted information on other users of the network. Information on who is logged-in was useful to check the availability of a person to meet. This was probably the earliest form of presence information for remote network users.

Prior to the finger program, the only way to get this information was with a who program that showed IDs and terminal line numbers (the server's internal number of the communication line, over which the user's terminal is connected) for logged-in users. Earnest named his program after the idea that people would run their fingers down the who list to find what they were looking for.

Case (policy debate)

In policy debate, a case, sometimes known as plan, is a textual advocacy presented by the affirmative team as a normative or "should" statement, generally in the 1AC. A case will often include either the resolution or a rephrasing of it.

The case is the advocacy established by the affirmative in the First affirmative constructive speech, often constructed around the support of a policy recommendation known as the affirmative plan. While the 1AC defines the parameters for the bulk of an affirmative's argument, the term "case" can be used to cover the entirety of the affirmative argument more broadly, referring, for instance, to additional advantages, counter-arguments, or rebuttal evidence that might be introduced in later speeches (if at all).

The Structure of the Case

The case is a form of on topic debate and can also be referred to as C, if done in the standard way C is a very effective way to win a case. The case is generally organized into sections called "observations" or "contentions", with advantages attached to the link or link break.

Planá (České Budějovice District)

Planá (Planá u Českých Budějovic, German: Plan) is a village in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has (in 2009) 278 inhabitants and lies approximately 4 km southwest from České Budějovice.

First written mention about the settlement is from year 1259. During 1687–1849 and 1868–1990 the village was administrative part of nearby city České Budějovice.

Public domestic, private and military international airport (built in 1939) is located on area of the village. ICAO: LKCS. Concrete runway is 45 m wide and 2500 m long.

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Coordinates: 48°56′45″N 14°26′32″E / 48.94583°N 14.44222°E / 48.94583; 14.44222