Phước Long Thọ

Phước Long Thọ is a commune (xã) and village in Đất Đỏ District, Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu Province, in Vietnam.

Coordinates: 10°08′N 106°02′E / 10.133°N 106.033°E / 10.133; 106.033

Candidate of Philosophy

Candidate of Philosophy is any of the following academic degrees: a Bachelor's level, Master's level, higher than Master's level, or Doctorate level degree, depending on the country.

In the United States

The usual practice in the United States is for a graduate student working toward a doctorate to earn a master's degree (usually Master of Arts or Master of Science) in course after about two years of coursework. In a very few universities, a student who has completed all of the coursework, all of the comprehensive examinations in the subject and all of the language examination requirements, and whose dissertation topic has been approved - in short, who has fulfilled all requirements for the doctorate except the writing and defense of the dissertation itself - may be awarded a Master of Philosophy degree, beyond the Master of Arts or Master of Science already earned. In other universities, such students used the informal designation of Ph.D. (ABD), for "All But Dissertation," not an actual degree but an informal convention.

Triphenylmethyl hexafluorophosphate

Triphenylmethyl hexafluorophosphate is an organic salt with the formula C(C₆H₅)₃PF₆. This compound is a brown powder that is air sensitive and changes colors when exposed to light. Triphenylmethyl hexafluorophosphate is used as a catalyst and reagent in organic syntheses.

Preparation

Triphenylmethyl hexafluorophosphate is generated by two ways. The first method is by combining silver hexafluorophosphate with triphenylmethyl chloride:

The second method of generating triphenylmethyl hexafluorophosphate is through the reaction of triphenylmethyl chloride with an ether complex of hexafluorophosphoric acid:

Triphenylmethyl chloride is afforded by combining carbon tetrachloride and benzene in a Friedel-Crafts reaction.

Structure and Properties

The trityl group can exist in three oxidation states: the trityl cation, the trityl radical, and the trityl anion. The trityl cation is the form present in triphenylmethyl hexafluorophosphate. The triphenylmethyl cation effectively has D3h molecular symmetry.