Philo
Philo of Alexandria (/ˈfaɪloʊ/; Greek: Φίλων, Philōn; Hebrew: ידידיה הכהן, Yedidia (Jedediah) HaCohen; c. 25 BCE – c. 50 CE), also called Philo Judaeus, was a Hellenistic Jewish philosopher who lived in Alexandria, in the Roman province of Egypt.
Philo used philosophical allegory to attempt to fuse and harmonize Greek philosophy with Jewish philosophy. His method followed the practices of both Jewish exegesis and Stoic philosophy. His allegorical exegesis was important for several Christian Church Fathers, but he has barely any reception history within Rabbinic Judaism. He believed that literal interpretations of the Hebrew Bible would stifle humanity's view and perception of a God too complex and marvelous to be understood in literal human terms.
Some scholars hold that his concept of the Logos as God's creative principle influenced early Christology. Other scholars, however, deny direct influence but say both Philo and Early Christianity borrow from a common source.
The few biographical details known about Philo are found in his own works, especially in Legatio ad Gaium (Embassy to Gaius) of which only two of the original five volumes survive, and in Josephus. The only event in his life that can be decisively dated is his participation in the embassy to Rome in 40 CE. He represented the Alexandrian Jews before Roman Emperor Caligula because of civil strife between the Alexandrian Jewish and Greek communities.
Philia
Philia (/ˈfɪljə/ or /ˈfɪliə/; Ancient Greek: φιλία), often translated "brotherly love", is one of the four ancient Greek words for love: philia, storge, agape and eros. In Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics, philia is usually translated as "friendship" or affection. The complete opposite is called a phobia.
Aristotle's view
As Gerard Hughes points out, in Books VIII and IX Aristotle gives examples of philia including:
All of these different relationships involve getting on well with someone, though Aristotle at times implies that something more like actual liking is required. When he is talking about the character or disposition that falls between obsequiousness or flattery on the one hand and surliness or quarrelsomeness on the other, he says that this state:
This passage indicates also that, though broad, the notion of philia must be mutual, and thus excludes relationships with inanimate objects, though philia with animals, such as pets, is allowed for (see 1155b27–31).
In his Rhetoric, Aristotle defines the activity involved in philia (τὸ φιλεῖν) as:
Philo (poet)
Philo is the Hellenistic Jewish author of an epic poem in Greek hexameters on the history of Jerusalem. He lived at an earlier date than Philo the philosopher. Alexander Polyhistor (c. 105-35 B.C.) quotes several passages of the poem, and is the source of the extracts in Eusebius (Praeparatio evangelica, ix. 20, 24, 37). This is probably the Philo who is mentioned by Clemens Alexandrinus (Strom, i. 21, 141) and by Josephus (Contra Apionem, i. 23), who calls him "the elder".
Notes
References
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Philo (poet)". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. This work in turn cites:
- M. Philippson, Ezechiel des jüdischen Trauerspieldichters Auszug aus Egypten und Philo des Aelteren Jerusalem (Berlin, 1830).
Further reading
Baynes, T.S.; Smith, W.R., eds. (1885). "Philo. A Jewish Hellenist". Encyclopædia Britannica 18 (9th ed.). This work in turn cites Philippson and:
- Karl Wilhelm Ludwig Müller, Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum, iii, 213 sq.
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LUCK
by: FuelIt's cold outside in the middle of the winter and my brain's in the fridge
(Would you know what shape I'm in)
Point things in the better I'm lucky if I even give in to the sin
(Would you know what shape I'm in)
And it's all been luck until now
Caught in the race of up to down
Photography mixed in the monogamy keepin' my world happenin'
(would you know what shape I'm in)
I know that I'm better when I know that you are better and I'll hold you again
(would you know what shape I'm in)
And its all been luck until now
Caught in the race of up to down
And it's all been luck until now
I only hope that you're still 'round me now
And it's gonna rage
it's gonna stay with you always
Every second counts on you to prove you're off the ground
It's cold outside in the middle of the winter and my brains in the fridge
Point things in the better I'm lucky if I even give in to the sin
And its all been luck until now
And its all been luck until now
And its all been luck until now
Caught in the race of up to down now
And its all been luck until now
Caught in the race of up to down
And it's all been luck until now
I only hope that you're still 'round me
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