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Look up toile in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
Toile is the name of a fabric that entered the English language around the 16th century[1] from a French word meaning "linen cloth" or "canvas" — particularly cloth or canvas for painting on. The word toile can refer to the fabric itself, a test garment (generally) sewn from the same material, or a type of surface decoration (traditionally) printed on the same fabric.
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Etymology [link]
Middle English toile, from French toile ("cloth"), from Old French teile, from Latin tela, ("web"), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg ("to cover") (see List of Proto-Indo-European roots in Wiktionary).
Uses [link]
Test garment [link]
In Australian and British terminology, a toile is a version of a garment made by a fashion designer or dressmaker to test a pattern. They are usually made in cheap material, as multiple toiles may be made in the process of perfecting a design. Toiles are commonly called "muslins" in the United States, named for the cheap, unbleached cotton fabric available in different weights.
Toile de Jouy [link]
Toile de Jouy, sometimes abbreviated to simply "toile", is a type of decorating pattern consisting of a usually white or off-white background on which a repeated pattern depicting a fairly complex scene, generally of a pastoral theme such as a couple having a picnic by a lake or an arrangement of flowers.[2] The pattern portion consists of a single color, most often black, dark red, or blue. Greens, browns, and magenta toile patterns are less common, but not unheard of. Toile is most associated with fabrics (curtains and upholstery in particular, especially chintz), though toile wallpaper is also popular. Toile can also be used on teapots, beddings, clothing, etc. In upper-class (primarily American, but also northern European) society, toile is often seen on dresses or aprons used at such events as country-themed garden parties or tea parties.
Toiles were originally produced in Ireland in the mid-18th Century and quickly became popular in Britain and France.[3] The term, Toile de Jouy, orginated in France in the late 18th century. In the French language, the phrase literally means "cloth from Jouy-en-Josas", a town of north-central France.
Although it has been continuously produced since then, it experienced a marked upsurge in popularity around the year 2000. Previously only a decorating design, designers have been recently experimenting with toile-patterned apparel as well, although toile-patterned shirts were widely worn in the 1970s.
Toiles were very popular during the Colonial Era in the United States and are highly associated with preservationist towns and historical areas, such as Colonial Williamsburg.[4] When Williamsburg saw a repopularization in the 1930s, so did toiles, as they did again in the 1970s in celebration of the United States Bicentennial.
References [link]
- ^ Oxford English Dictionary. Toile, earliest citation from 1561. Also spelled toyl / toyle.
- ^ "toile de Jouy". Art & Architecture Thesaurus. The J. Paul Getty Trust. https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=Toiles&logic=AND¬e=&english=N&prev_page=1&subjectid=300231747. Retrieved April, 17 2012.
- ^ https://www.fabricmuseum.org/American_Toile.html
- ^ https://www.history.org
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Étoile
Étoile may refer to:
Places
The arts
- Danseur Étoile, the highest rank a dancer can reach at the Paris Opera Ballet
Étoile (A 649)
The Étoile ("star") is a French naval schooner used as a training vessel.
She was launched on 8 February 1932. She is a replica of a type of fishing vessel which was used until 1935 off Iceland. She has a sister ship, the Belle Poule.
Both the Étoile and the Belle Poule joined the Free French Forces during the Second World War, a deed for which they are still honoured by flying the French flag with the cross of Lorraine.
Nylon
Nylon is a generic designation for a family of synthetic polymers, more specifically aliphatic or semi-aromatic polyamides. They can be melt-processed into fibers, films or shapes. The first example of nylon (nylon 66) was produced on February 28, 1935, by Wallace Carothers at DuPont's research facility at the DuPont Experimental Station. Nylon polymers have found significant commercial applications in fibers (apparel, flooring and rubber reinforcement), in shapes (molded parts for cars, electrical equipment, etc.), and in films (mostly for food packaging)
Overview
Nylon is a thermoplastic, silky material, first used commercially in a nylon-bristled toothbrush (1938), followed more famously by women's stockings ("nylons"; 1940) after being introduced as a fabric at the 1939 New York World's Fair. Nylon is made of repeating units linked by peptide bonds and is a type of polyamide and is frequently referred to as such Nylon was the first commercially successful synthetic thermoplastic polymer. Commercially, nylon polymer is made by reacting monomers which are either lactams, acid/amines or stoichiometric mixtures of diamines (-NH2) and diacids (-COOH). Mixtures of these can be polymerized together to make copolymers. Nylon polymers can be mixed with a wide variety of additives to achieve many different property variations.
Nylon (album)
Nylon is a Greek album by singer Anna Vissi, released in Greece and Cyprus on September 28, 2005, and subsequently in select European countries and Taiwan. The album was released as a DualDisc on October 10, 2005, the first of its kind in Greece, and re-released on May 2, 2006 with the title Nylon: Euro-Edition as a tie-in to Vissi's participation in the Eurovision Song Contest 2006. The album reached Platinum status in less than 24 hours after its release.
Album information
Released in September 2005, Nylon was Anna Vissi's first studio album since the commercially successful 2003 Paraksenes Eikones. Vissi characterized Nylon as her best album so far, with Nikos Karvelas paying a lot of attention to the lyrics of the songs he had written.
Upon release, Nylon went platinum within 24 hours in Greece. In October 2005, the album was released on the DualDisc format, the first ever in Greece, with the title Nylon: DualDisc. The DualDisc version featured bonus songs and as well as special footage from the recording studio.
Nylon (band)
Nylon (now The Charlies) is an Icelandic girl group composed of members Alma Goodman (born Alma Guðmundsdóttir), Camilla Stones (born Steinunn Þóra Camilla Sigurðardóttir) and Klara Elias (born Klara Ósk Elíasdóttir). They are Iceland's most successful singer/songwriter girl-band, producing ten number one singles, three number one studio albums, one number one compilation and one number one DVD in Iceland.
History
2004-2005: 100% Nylon and Góðir Hlutir
The group was formed after auditions in Iceland, which Alma, Camilla and Klara attended. A few weeks after the auditions, Emilia was asked whether she would like to be in the band, and after meeting them, she accepted the offer. The group sings pop music in English and Icelandic. Their first single, "Lög Unga Fólksins" (which means "The Young People's Song" in English), was released in April 2004 and went straight to number one. The group have had huge success in their native country of Iceland: achieving a total of 13 Number 1 singles to date, a TV show about their first summer as a girlband, three chart topping albums, and a book entitled "100% Nylon" (which instantly became a best seller). They have also released a DVD entitled "Nylon Allstaðar", which contained their smash hit TV show as well as other bonus features.
