Romani people

The Romani (also spelled Romany; /ˈrməni/, /ˈrɒ-/), or Roma, are a traditionally itinerant ethnic group living mostly in Europe and the Americas, who originate from the northwestern regions of the Indian subcontinent, specifically from Northern India, presumably from the northwestern Indian states Rajasthan,Haryana and Punjab. The Romani are widely known among English-speaking people by the exonym and racial slur "Gypsies" (or "Gipsies"), which, according to many Romani people, connotes illegality and irregularity. Other exonyms are Ashkali and Sinti.

Romani are dispersed, with their concentrated populations in Europe — especially Central, Eastern and Southern Europe including Turkey, Spain and Southern France. They originated in Northern India and arrived in Mid-West Asia, then Europe, around 1,000 years ago, either separating from the Dom people or, at least, having a similar history; the ancestors of both the Romani and the Dom left North India sometime between the sixth and eleventh century.

Gypsy (musical)

Gypsy is a 1959 musical with music by Jule Styne, lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, and a book by Arthur Laurents. Gypsy is loosely based on the 1957 memoirs of Gypsy Rose Lee, the famous striptease artist, and focuses on her mother, Rose, whose name has become synonymous with "the ultimate show business mother." It follows the dreams and efforts of Rose to raise two daughters to perform onstage and casts an affectionate eye on the hardships of show business life. The character of Louise is based on Lee, and the character of June is based on Lee's sister, the actress June Havoc.

The musical contains many songs that became popular standards, including "Everything's Coming up Roses", "Together (Wherever We Go)", "Small World", "Some People", "Let Me Entertain You", "All I Need Is the Girl", and "Rose's Turn". It is frequently considered one of the crowning achievements of the mid-20th century's conventional musical theatre art form, often called the "book musical".

Gypsy has been referred to as the greatest American musical by numerous critics and writers, among them Ben Brantley ("what may be the greatest of all American musicals...") and Frank Rich. Rich wrote that "Gypsy is nothing if not Broadway's own brassy, unlikely answer to 'King Lear.'" Theater critic Clive Barnes wrote that "'Gypsy' is one of the best of musicals..." and described the character of Rose as "one of the few truly complex characters in the American musical...."

Solitude Standing

Solitude Standing is the second album by singer-songwriter Suzanne Vega. Released in 1987, it is the most popular and critically acclaimed of her career. As can be seen by the CD insert, many of the songs had been written prior to 1987 (see track listing for dates).

Song notes

  • "Tom's Diner" was included twice on the album with its a cappella vocal as the first track and its instrumental version as the last track.
  • "Night Vision" was inspired by the poem "Juan Gris" by Paul Éluard.
  • "Calypso" is based on The Odyssey, namely the part in which Calypso is forced to let Odysseus go.
  • "Gypsy" is mentioned in the book The Perks of Being a Wallflower by Stephen Chbosky, in which the main character Charlie includes it on one of his mixtapes.
  • Track listing

    All songs written by Suzanne Vega in 1986–87 except as noted.

  • "Tom's Diner" – 2:09 (written 1981)
  • "Luka" – 3:52 (written 1984)
  • "Ironbound/Fancy Poultry" (Vega, Anton Sanko) – 6:19
  • "In the Eye" (Vega, Marc Shulman) – 4:16
  • "Night Vision" (Vega, Sanko) – 2:47
  • Pepper

    Pepper or Peppers may refer to:

    Plants and plant products

    The genus Piper of the pepper family (Piperaceae), including for example:

  • Black pepper, white and green pepper, Piper nigrum
  • Cubeb, Piper cubeba, also known as Java pepper
  • Long pepper, Piper longum
  • Voatsiperifery, Piper borbonense
  • Ashanti pepper, Piper guineense
  • The genus Capsicum of the nightshade family (Solanaceae), including for example:

  • Banana pepper, a number of species and spices
  • Bell pepper, a Capsicum annuum cultivar
  • Cayenne pepper, a Capsicum annuum cultivar
  • Chili pepper, a number of species
  • Datil pepper, a Capsicum chinense cultivar
  • Jalapeño, a Capsicum annuum cultivar
  • Florina pepper, a Capsicum annuum cultivar
  • The genus Pimenta (genus) of the myrtle family (Myrtaceae), including for example:

  • Allspice (P. dioicia)
  • Pimenta haitiensis
  • Pimenta jamaicensis
  • Pimenta obscura
  • Pimenta racemosa (P. racemosa), West Indian bay tree
  • Other plants known as peppers:

  • Aframomum melegueta, grains of paradise
  • Alligator pepper
  • Macropiper excelsum, kawakawa
  • Pepper (band)

    Pepper is a three piece rock band originally from Hawaii, now based in San Diego. The band consists of vocalist/guitarist Kaleo Wassman, vocalist/bassist Bret Bollinger, and drummer Yesod Williams. Since the band's formation they have released five studio albums as well as one live album. They are currently managed by David "Beno" Benveniste's Velvet Hammer Music and Management Group.

    Band history

    1996-2001: Formation

    Pepper formed in 1996 with singer/guitarist Kaleo Wassman and bassist/singer Bret Bollinger, who had been friends since middle school. The duo was influenced by the Hawaiian artist Three Plus and popular mainland groups like Sublime. The group struggled to find a drummer to be in the band, with Wassman stating " we were going through drummers like a bottomless pit." Wassman and Bollinger heard about a drummer named Yesod Williams who had gained success around their small town, and later met Williams at a party. The two convinced Williams to join the band, and with the trio in place, Pepper left Hawaii for San Diego and went on to open shows by Burning Spear, Shaggy, and other major reggae artists. Pepper first entered the studio in 1997 and recorded a seven-song demo.

    Pepper (baseball)

    Pepper is both a common batting and fielding exercise and a competitive game in baseball, where one player hits brisk ground balls to a group of fielders who are standing close-by.

    Exercise

    Pepper is a common pre-game exercise where one player hits brisk grounders and line drives to a group of fielders who are standing around twenty feet away. The fielders throw to the batter who uses a short, light swing to hit the ball on the ground towards the fielders. The fielders field the ground balls and continue tossing the ball to the batter. This exercise keeps the fielders and batter alert, and helps to develop quickness and good hand-eye coordination.

    Game

    Pepper is also a competitive game in which a group of fielders stand in a line fifteen to twenty feet away from a batter; one end of the line is the "front," the other is the "back." One of the fielders throws the ball to the batter, who attempts to hit grounders to the fielders standing in the line. When a fielder cleanly plays the ball, he/she throws it back to the batter, generally as quickly as possible, who tries to hit the ball again to the fielders. If the fielder makes an error fielding the ball, he/she must move to the back of the line. If the batter hits a foul ball (generally, hits it behind him/her) or strikes swinging at the ball, he/she is retired as batter, becomes a fielder, and moves to the end of the line. The fielder at the front of the line then becomes the batter. If the batter hits a line drive or pop-up to the fielders, whoever catches the ball, regardless of their position in the line, becomes the new batter; the batter moves to the end of the line.

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