Penalty

Penalty may refer to:

  • Penalty (Mormonism), an oath made during the original Nauvoo Endowment ceremony of the Latter Day Saint movement
  • Penalty Records, a record label
  • Law

  • Punishment
  • Sanctions (law), penalties used to discourage disobedience to authority
  • Sentence (law)
  • Penalty (contract), a type of contractual clause
  • Mass media:

  • The Penalty (film), a 1920 American crime film starring Lon Chaney
  • The Penalty (novel), a 2006 sports novel for children by Mal Peet
  • Sport:

  • Penalty kick, in association football
  • Penalty shoot-out (association football)
  • Penalty (golf)
  • Penalty (ice hockey)
  • Penalty (gridiron football)
  • Penalty (rugby)
  • Penalty (rugby union)
  • Penalty (sports manufacturer)
  • See also

  • Penale, surname

  • Penalty (rugby union)

    A penalty in rugby union is the main disciplinary sanction available to the referee to penalise a team who commit deliberate infringements. The team who did not commit the infringement are given possession of the ball and they may either kick it towards touch (in which case the ball back rule is waived), attempt a place kick at goal, or tap the ball with their foot and run. It is also sometimes used as shorthand for penalty goal.

    Reasons to award a penalty

    The referee signals that he has awarded a penalty to a side by raising his arm at 45 degrees between vertical and horizontal and blowing a blast on his whistle. The arm is raised on the side that won the penalty. Penalties may be awarded for a number of offences, including:

  • Failing to release the ball after being tackled, or the tackling player failing to release the tackled player.
  • Entering a ruck or maul from the side.
  • Leaving one's feet in the ruck.
  • Deliberately collapsing a scrum or maul.
  • Scrum infringements: not binding properly on an opponent (for prop forwards) or a team-mate (for other players); leaving the scrum before the ball has emerged from it; not pushing straight against the opposing pack.
  • Penalty kick

    A penalty kick (often abbreviated to penalty) is a method of restarting play in association football, taken from 11 meters (approximately 12 yards) out from the goal, on the penalty mark.

    Penalty kicks are performed during normal play. They are awarded when a foul that is punishable by a direct free kick is committed within the offending player's own penalty area. Similar kicks are made in a penalty shootout in some tournaments to determine which team is victorious after a drawn match; though similar in procedure, these are not penalty kicks and are governed by slightly different rules.

    In practice, penalties are converted to goals more often than not, even against world class goalkeepers. This means that penalty awards are often decisive, especially in low-scoring games. Missed penalty kicks are often demoralising to players because it is an easy opportunity to score.

    Procedure

    Joyce

    Joyce may refer to:

    People

  • Joyce (name), including people and fictional characters with the given name or surname
  • James Joyce (1882-1941), an acclaimed Irish modernist writer
  • Places

  • Joyce, Washington, an unincorporated community
  • Mount Joyce, Victoria Land, Antarctica
  • Joyce Peak, Ross Island, off the coast of Victoria Land
  • Joyce Glacier, Victoria Land
  • Lake Joyce, Victoria Land
  • Joyce Country, a region in counties Galway and Mayo in Ireland
  • 5418 Joyce, a main-belt asteroid
  • Business

  • Joyce, house brand of Hong Kong company Joyce Boutique
  • JB Joyce & Co, an English clockmaker
  • Joyces 365, a supermarket chain based in Galway, Ireland
  • Amstrad PCW personal computer, sold under license in Europe as the "Joyce"
  • Other uses

  • Hurricane Joyce (disambiguation), multiple storms
  • USS Joyce (DE-317), a destroyer escort that served in World War II
  • Joyce (programming language)
  • Joyce Theater, Manhattan, New York
  • Joyce Foundation, a charitable foundation based in Chicago, Illinois
  • Amstrad PCW

    The Amstrad PCW series was a range of personal computers produced by British company Amstrad from 1985 to 1998, and also sold under licence in Europe as the "Joyce" by the German electronics company Schneider in the early years of the series' life. When it was launched, the cost of a PCW system was under 25% of the cost of almost all IBM-compatible PC systems in the UK. As a result PCWs became very popular in the home and small office markets, both in the UK and in Europe, and persuaded many technophobes to venture into using computers. However the last two models, introduced in the mid-1990s, were commercial failures, being squeezed out of the market by the falling prices, greater capabilities and wider range of software for IBM-compatible PCs.

    In all models, including the last, the monitor's casing included the CPU, RAM, floppy disk drives and power supply for all of the systems' components. All except the last included a printer in the price. Early models used 3-inch floppy disks, while those sold from 1991 onwards used 3½-inch floppies, which became the industry standard around the time the PCW series was launched. A variety of inexpensive products and services were launched to copy 3-inch floppies to the 3½-inch format so that data could be transferred to other machines.

    Joyce Moreno (musician)

    Joyce Silveira Moreno, commonly known as Joyce (Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈʒojsi]) is a Brazilian singer/songwriter, as well as an accomplished guitarist and arranger. She was born in Rio de Janeiro on 31 January 1948. As of 2009, Joyce started using her full name, Joyce Moreno, for her future releases.

    Biography

    Joyce premiered in the late 60's, and since then has recorded over 20 solo albums, and appeared in myriad records with such artists as Elis Regina, Toninho Horta, Vinicius de Moraes, and Yoko Kanno. In recent years she has collaborated extensively with João Donato. Much of Joyce's work has been compared to the early boom of the jazz fusion scene in the United States.

    She got her start in music by listening to her brother play the guitar, as well as listening to Ella Fitzgerald, Miles Davis and Billie Holiday for inspiration on emotions conveyed in music. Many people came into Joyce's house, and she easily got swept up in the music scene, having had in her childhood great encouragement in music.

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