To be announced, To be confirmed, and To be determined (often abbreviated as TBA, TBC, and TBD, respectively) are placeholder terms used very broadly to indicate that although something is scheduled or anticipated to happen, a particular aspect of that thing remains to be arranged. Although the phrases are often used interchangeably, they have subtle differences. "To be announced" implies that the aspect so designated may have already been determined, but is not yet suitable for public announcement. "To be confirmed" suggests that a decision has been made but awaits confirmation, although it is also used to indicate that the aspect to be scheduled remains open. Other similar phrases sometimes used to convey the same meaning, and using the same abbreviations, include To be ascertained, To be arranged, To be advised, To be adjudicated, and To be decided.
Use of the abbreviation "TBA" is formally reported in a reference work at least as early as 1955,[1] and "TBD" is similarly reported as early as 1967.[2]
Examples [link]
These various placeholder terms are often used to indicate to the public that a vacant position in a lineup of speakers, musicians, or other performers remains to be filled. The terms also frequently indicate that a creative work, such as an album or film, is forthcoming but that the date of release is not yet known. If the forthcoming project is not yet named, these placeholders may be used to indicate that the name has not yet been selected, although the project may also be designated as "untitled" pending that determination. The terms are also used in sports schedules, particularly where one team has locked in a position in a playoff schedule, but its opponent can not yet be determined because several teams may qualify for the spot depending on their remaining wins or losses for the season, or because other teams have not yet competed in playoff games that will determine who will face the locked-in team.[3] In government and business, the terms may be used to indicate that a vacant job position is expected to be filled, or conversely that a particular individual will be employed in an as-yet-uncreated position.
"TBA" (meaning "to be announced") is also used to describe a specific type of simple mortgage investment, the forward mortgage-backed security.[4] This is used to indicate that the investor is acquiring some portion of a pending pool of as-yet unspecified mortgages, which will be specified at a given delivery date.[4] This usage has existed at least since the 1980s.[5]
References [link]
- ^ Robert J. Schwartz, The Complete Dictionary of Abbreviations (1955).
- ^ Ralph De Sola, Abbreviations Dictionary (1967).
- ^ See, for example, Indianapolis Monthly: Volume 32, Issues 5-9 (2008), stating: "INDIANAPOLIS COLTS It's playoff time. Can the Colts pick off their rivals one by one, or will they fall victim to last year's heartbreaking turn of events? Ticket prices and opponents TBD.
- ^ a b Robert W. Kolb, James A. Overdahl, Financial Derivatives: Pricing and Risk Management (2009), p. 141.
- ^ See Bureau of National Affairs, Securities Regulation & Law Report: Volume 16 (1984), p. 1765, noting that "[t]he transactions in question at FCA were TBA (to be announced) Ginnie Mae forward contracts..."
External links [link]
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ANSI escape code
In computing, ANSI escape codes (or escape sequences) are a method using in-band signaling to control the formatting, color, and other output options on video text terminals. To encode this formatting information, certain sequences of bytes are embedded into the text, which the terminal looks for and interprets as commands, not as character codes.
ANSI codes were introduced in the 1970s and became widespread in the minicomputer/mainframe market by the early 1980s. They were used by the nascent bulletin board system market to offer improved displays compared to earlier systems lacking cursor movement, leading to even more widespread use.
Although hardware text terminals have become increasingly rare in the 21st century, the relevance of the ANSI standard persists because most terminal emulators interpret at least some of the ANSI escape sequences in the output text. One notable exception is the win32 console component of Microsoft Windows.
History
Almost all manufacturers of video terminals added vendor-specific escape sequences to perform operations such as placing the cursor at arbitrary positions on the screen. One example is the VT52 terminal, which allowed the cursor to be placed at an x,y location on the screen by sending the ESC character, a y character, and then two characters representing with numerical values equal to the x,y location plus 32 (thus starting at the ASCII space character and avoiding the control characters).
TBC (disambiguation)
TBC may refer to:
