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Look up pecten in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
Pecten is Latin for comb or rake.[1] Its genitive form is pectinis, which yields the root pectin-.[citation needed]
Pecten may refer to:
- Pecten (biology), any comb like structure in animals
- Pecten oculi, a structure in the bird retina which contains most of the vasculature
- Various pectineal lines in anatomy, especially the pectineal line (pubis)
- Pecten (bivalve), a genus of scallops which includes the Great or King Scallop, Pecten maximus
- Pectinidae, a family of bivalve mollusks
- Pectinoidea, a superfamily of bivalve mollusks which includes Pectinidae
- Pectineus muscle, a thigh muscle
- A subsidiary of Shell Oil Company
See also [link]
- Pectin, from an unrelated Greek root
- Pectinivalva, a moth genus
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This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. |
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Pecten oculi
The pecten or pecten oculi is a comb-like structure of blood vessels belonging to the choroid in the eye of a bird. It is a non-sensory, pigmented structure that projects into the vitreous body from the point where the optic nerve enters the eyeball. The pecten is believed to both nourish the retina and control the pH of the vitreous body. High level of enzyme alkaline phosphatase activity in pecten oculi, has been linked to transport of nutrient molecules from highly vascularized pecten oculi into vitreous and then into retinal cells for nourishment. It is present in all birds and some reptiles.
In the vertebrate eye, blood vessels lie in front of the retina, partially obscuring the image. The pecten helps to solve this problem by greatly reducing the number of blood vessels in the retina and leading to the extremely sharp eyesight of birds such as hawks. The pigmentation of the pecten is believed to protect the blood vessels against damage from ultraviolet light. Stray-light absorption by melanin granules of pecten oculi is also considered to give rise to small increments in temperature of pecten and eye; this may offer increased metabolic rate to optimize eye physiology in low temperatures at high-altitude flights. The structure varies across bird species and is conical in the kiwi, vaned in the ostrich and pleated in most other birds.
Pecten (biology)
Pectines are comb-like structures, widely found in the biological world. They occur, for example, on the underside of scorpions, where they are used as sense organs. In ducks they are placed on the sides of the bill and serve both as food-strainer and as a comb for preening. The avian eye also contains a structure called a pecten oculi, which is a comb-like projection of the retina. It is thought to enhance nutrition for the cells of the retina. Whales have a similar comb-like structure called baleen.
"Pectinate" means supplied with a comb-like structure and is reflected in numerous specific names as "pectinata", "pectinatus" or "pectinatum", or in specific epithets e.g. Murex pecten.
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