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It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Panorama (disambiguation). (Discuss) Proposed since January 2012. |
A panorama (formed from Greek πᾶν "all" + ὅραμα "sight") is any wide-angle view or representation of a physical space, whether in painting, drawing, photography, film/video, or a three-dimensional model.
A panoramic view is also proposed for multi-media, cross-scale applications to outline overview (from a distance) along and across repositories. This so called a cognitive panorama is a panoramic view over and a combination of cognitive spaces. For more see the International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics.
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Paintings [link]
The word was originally coined by the Irish painter Robert Barker to describe his panoramic paintings of Edinburgh. Shown on a cylindrical surface and viewed from the inside, they were exhibited in London in 1792 as "The Panorama". The motion-picture term panning is derived from panorama.
In the mid-19th century, panoramic paintings and models became a very popular way to represent landscapes and historical events. Audiences of Europe in this period were thrilled by the aspect of illusion, immersed in a winding 360 degree panorama and given the impression of standing in a new environment. The Dutch marine painter Hendrik Willem Mesdag created and established the Panorama Mesdag of The Hague, Netherlands, in 1881, a cylindrical painting more than 14 metres high and roughly 40 meters in diameter (120 meters in circumference). In the same year of 1881, the Bourbaki Panorama in Lucerne, Switzerland, which exhibits a circular painting, was created by Edouard Castres. The painting measures about 10 metres in height with a circumference of 112 meters. Another example would be the Atlanta Cyclorama, depicting the Civil War Battle of Atlanta. It was first displayed in 1887, and is 42 feet high by 358 feet wide.[1] Even larger than these paintings is the Racławice Panorama located in Wrocław, Poland, which measures 120 × 15 metres.[2]
Photographs [link]
Panoramic photography soon came to displace painting as the most common method for creating wide views. Not long after the introduction of the Daguerreotype in 1839, photographers began assembling multiple images of a view into a single wide image. In the late 19th century, panoramic cameras using curved film holders employed clockwork drives to scan a line image in an arc to create an image over almost 180 degrees. Digital photography of the late twentieth century greatly simplified this assembly process, which is now known as image stitching. Such stitched images may even be fashioned into forms of virtual reality movies, using technologies such as Apple Inc.'s QuickTime VR, Flash, Java, or even JavaScript. A rotating line camera such as the Panoscan allows the capture of high resolution panoramic images and eliminates the need for image stitching, but immersive "spherical" panorama movies (that incorporate a full 180° vertical viewing angle as well as 360° around) must be made by stitching multiple images. Stitching images together can be used to create extremely high resolution gigapixel panoramic images.
On rare occasions, 360° panoramic movies have been constructed for specially designed display spaces—typically at theme parks, world's fairs, and museums. Starting in 1955, Disney has created 360° theaters for its parks and the Swiss Transport Museum in Lucerne, Switzerland, features a theatre that is a large cylindrical space with an arrangement of screens whose bottom is several metres above the floor. Panoramic systems that are less than 360° around also exist. For example, Cinerama used a curved screen and IMAX Dome / OMNIMAX movies are projected on a dome above the spectators.
One final form of panoramic representation is digital mapping generated from SRTM data. In these diagrams, a computer calculates the panorama from a given point.
Gallery [link]
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See also [link]
- Comparison of photo stitching applications (software)
- Cyclorama
- Diorama
- EveryScape
- Google Street View
- International Panorama Council
- Leme panoramic camera
- Moving panorama
- Omnidirectional camera
- Panoramic painting
- Panoramic tripod head
- Route panorama
- Widescreen film/video formats
References [link]
- ^ Marty Olmstead (2002), Hidden Georgia, Ulysses Press, page 204
- ^ Jan Stanisław Kopczewski (1976), Kosciuszko and Pulaski, Interpress, page 220
- ^ Gigapan.org
External links [link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Panoramics |
https://wn.com/Panorama
Panorama (Montross, Virginia)
Panorama is a historic estate in Montross, Virginia. The 2.5 story brick Colonial Revival house, located on an estate of over 130 acres (53 ha), was built in 1932 to a design by Joseph Evans Sperry for local politician and attorney Charles E. Stuart, and has been virtually unaltered since its construction. The building is sited between the two branches of Chandler's Mill Pond, and has two main facades, one facing the long drive from the road, and the other facing south toward the lake. The house is prominently visible from the Kings Highway (Virginia Route 3), which crosses the Chandler's Mill Pond Dam.
Panorama is strikingly similar to historic Bushfield, home of John Augustine Washington, brother of George Washington. The exterior design mimics the Colonial Revival renovations at Bushfield, which features the same dual facades, one a 3-bay entrance with projecting central block and the other a mounmental 2-story portico. The interior staircase in Panorama is a mirror image of Bushfield Manor's.
Panorama (TVP2)
Panorama is the main news program on TVP2. The main edition is broadcast at 18:00 every day. This program was created in 1991. In 2010, "Panorama" watched by an average of 1.5 million Poles.
Since 2016, the editor-in-chief of "Panorama" is Piotr Lichota.
Current presenters
Main editions
Other editions
External links
See also
References
Pan
Pan and panning can have many meanings as listed below in various categories.
Prefix
- Pan-American
- Pan-Americanism
- Pan-Africanism
- Pan-Arabism
- Pan-Asian
- Pan-Celticism
- Pan-European
- Pan-Germanism
- Pan-Iranism
- Pan-Islamism
- Pan-Scandinavianism
- Pan-Somalism
- Pan-Slavism
- Panathinaikos
- Panegyric
- Pangaea
- Pantheism
- Panentheism
- Pantheon, a term in Greek Mythology
- Pantheon, an ancient building in Rome
- Pansexuality, a sexual orientation characterized by potential attraction to people of all sexes/genders or to people regardless of their sex/gender
- Pantonality (disambiguation), the extension of tonality to all keys
Pan (programming language)
The pan configuration language allows the definition of machine configuration information and an associated schema with a simple, human-accessible syntax. A pan language compiler transforms the configuration information contained within a set of pan templates to a machine-friendly XML or json format.
The pan language is used within the Quattor toolkit to define the desired configuration for one or more machines. The language is primarily a declarative language where elements in a hierarchical tree are set to particular values. The pan syntax is human-friendly and fairly simple, yet allows system administrators to simultaneously set configuration values, define an overall configuration schema, and validate the final configuration against the schema.
Implementation
The compiler panc serves as the defacto reference implementation of the language and is implemented in Java, at present it is not possible to execute the compiler with OpenJDK.
A configuration is defined by a set of files, called templates, written in the pan language. These templates define simultaneously the configuration parameters, the configuration schema, and validation functions. Each template is named and is contained in a file having the same name. The syntax of a template file is simple:
Pan (1995 film)
Pan (also released under the title Two Green Feathers) is a 1995 Danish/Norwegian/German film directed by the Danish director Henning Carlsen. It is based on Knut Hamsun's 1894 novel of the same name, and also incorporates the short story "Paper on Glahn's Death", which Hamsun had written and published earlier, but which was later appended to editions of the novel. It is the fourth and most recent film adaptation of the novel—the novel was previously adapted into motion pictures in 1922, 1937, and 1962.
Production
In 1966 Carlsen had directed an acclaimed version of Hamsun's Hunger. Thirty years later he returned to Hamsun to make Pan, a book he called "one big poem". The film was produced primarily with Norwegian resources, and classified as a Norwegian film; Carlsen later expressed his dissatisfaction with the film's promotion by the Norwegian Film Institute, saying that the Institute had preferred to promote films with Norwegian directors. Carlsen said that he had decided to incorporate the "forgotten" material from "Glahn's Death" in order to find a "new angle" for filming the book. The Glahn's Death portion was filmed in Thailand, standing in for the India location in the novel (the 1922 film version had placed this material in Algeria).
