Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PAK2 gene.[1][2]
The p21 activated kinases (PAK) are critical effectors that link Rho GTPases to cytoskeleton reorganization and nuclear signaling. The PAK proteins are a family of serine/threonine kinases that serve as targets for the small GTP binding proteins, CDC42 and RAC1, and have been implicated in a wide range of biological activities. The protein encoded by this gene is activated by proteolytic cleavage during caspase-mediated apoptosis, and may play a role in regulating the apoptotic events in the dying cell.[3]
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Interactions [link]
PAK2 has been shown to interact with SH3KBP1,[4] CDC42[5][6][7] and Abl gene.[8]
References [link]
- ^ Martin GA, Bollag G, McCormick F, Abo A (June 1995). "A novel serine kinase activated by rac1/CDC42Hs-dependent autophosphorylation is related to PAK65 and STE20". EMBO J 14 (9): 1970–8. PMC 398296. PMID 7744004. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=398296.
- ^ Knaus UG, Morris S, Dong HJ, Chernoff J, Bokoch GM (August 1995). "Regulation of human leukocyte p21-activated kinases through G protein--coupled receptors". Science 269 (5221): 221–3. DOI:10.1126/science.7618083. PMID 7618083.
- ^ "Entrez Gene: PAK2 p21 (CDKN1A)-activated kinase 2". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5062.
- ^ Kurakin, Alexei V; Wu Susan, Bredesen Dale E (September 2003). "Atypical recognition consensus of CIN85/SETA/Ruk SH3 domains revealed by target-assisted iterative screening". J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 278 (36): 34102–9. DOI:10.1074/jbc.M305264200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 12829691.
- ^ Stevens, W K; Vranken W, Goudreau N, Xiang H, Xu P, Ni F (May. 1999). "Conformation of a Cdc42/Rac interactive binding peptide in complex with Cdc42 and analysis of the binding interface". Biochemistry (UNITED STATES) 38 (19): 5968–75. DOI:10.1021/bi990426u. ISSN 0006-2960. PMID 10320322.
- ^ Abo, A; Qu J, Cammarano M S, Dan C, Fritsch A, Baud V, Belisle B, Minden A (November 1998). "PAK4, a novel effector for Cdc42Hs, is implicated in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and in the formation of filopodia". EMBO J. (ENGLAND) 17 (22): 6527–40. DOI:10.1093/emboj/17.22.6527. ISSN 0261-4189. PMC 1171000. PMID 9822598. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1171000.
- ^ Zhang, B; Chernoff J, Zheng Y (April 1998). "Interaction of Rac1 with GTPase-activating proteins and putative effectors. A comparison with Cdc42 and RhoA". J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 273 (15): 8776–82. DOI:10.1074/jbc.273.15.8776. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 9535855.
- ^ Roig, J; Tuazon P T, Zipfel P A, Pendergast A M, Traugh J A (December 2000). "Functional interaction between c-Abl and the p21-activated protein kinase γ-PAK". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (UNITED STATES) 97 (26): 14346–51. DOI:10.1073/pnas.97.26.14346. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 18921. PMID 11121037. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=18921.
Further reading [link]
- Bokoch GM (1999). "Caspase-mediated activation of PAK2 during apoptosis: proteolytic kinase activation as a general mechanism of apoptotic signal transduction?". Cell Death Differ. 5 (8): 637–45. DOI:10.1038/sj.cdd.4400405. PMID 10200518.
- Bagrodia S, Cerione RA (1999). "Pak to the future". Trends Cell Biol. 9 (9): 350–5. DOI:10.1016/S0962-8924(99)01618-9. PMID 10461188.
- Roig J, Traugh JA (2001). "Cytostatic p21 G protein-activated protein kinase gamma-PAK". Vitam. Horm.. Vitamins & Hormones 62: 167–98. DOI:10.1016/S0083-6729(01)62004-1. ISBN 978-0-12-709862-3. PMID 11345898.
- Geyer M, Fackler OT, Peterlin BM (2001). "Structure–function relationships in HIV-1 Nef". EMBO Rep. 2 (7): 580–5. DOI:10.1093/embo-reports/kve141. PMC 1083955. PMID 11463741. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1083955.
- Greenway AL, Holloway G, McPhee DA et al. (2004). "HIV-1 Nef control of cell signalling molecules: multiple strategies to promote virus replication". J. Biosci. 28 (3): 323–35. DOI:10.1007/BF02970151. PMID 12734410.
- Leavitt SA, SchOn A, Klein JC et al. (2004). "Interactions of HIV-1 proteins gp120 and Nef with cellular partners define a novel allosteric paradigm". Curr. Protein Pept. Sci. 5 (1): 1–8. DOI:10.2174/1389203043486955. PMID 14965316.
- Joseph AM, Kumar M, Mitra D (2005). "Nef: "necessary and enforcing factor" in HIV infection". Curr. HIV Res. 3 (1): 87–94. DOI:10.2174/1570162052773013. PMID 15638726.
- Quaranta MG, Mattioli B, Giordani L, Viora M (2006). "The immunoregulatory effects of HIV-1 Nef on dendritic cells and the pathogenesis of AIDS". FASEB J. 20 (13): 2198–208. DOI:10.1096/fj.06-6260rev. PMID 17077296.
- Brandon SD, Masaracchia RA (1991). "Multisite phosphorylation of a synthetic peptide derived from the carboxyl terminus of the ribosomal protein S6". J. Biol. Chem. 266 (1): 380–5. PMID 1985906.
- Martin GA, Bollag G, McCormick F, Abo A (1995). "A novel serine kinase activated by rac1/CDC42Hs-dependent autophosphorylation is related to PAK65 and STE20". EMBO J. 14 (17): 4385. PMC 394523. PMID 7556080. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=394523.
- Benner GE, Dennis PB, Masaracchia RA (1995). "Activation of an S6/H4 kinase (PAK 65) from human placenta by intramolecular and intermolecular autophosphorylation". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (36): 21121–8. DOI:10.1074/jbc.270.36.21121. PMID 7673144.
- Baur AS, Sass G, Laffert B et al. (1997). "The N-terminus of Nef from HIV-1/SIV associates with a protein complex containing Lck and a serine kinase". Immunity 6 (3): 283–91. DOI:10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80331-3. PMID 9075929.
- Swingler S, Gallay P, Camaur D et al. (1997). "The Nef protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 enhances serine phosphorylation of the viral matrix". J. Virol. 71 (6): 4372–7. PMC 191654. PMID 9151826. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=191654.
- Sells MA, Knaus UG, Bagrodia S et al. (1997). "Human p21-activated kinase (Pak1) regulates actin organization in mammalian cells". Curr. Biol. 7 (3): 202–10. DOI:10.1016/S0960-9822(97)70091-5. PMID 9395435.
- Zhang B, Chernoff J, Zheng Y (1998). "Interaction of Rac1 with GTPase-activating proteins and putative effectors. A comparison with Cdc42 and RhoA". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (15): 8776–82. DOI:10.1074/jbc.273.15.8776. PMID 9535855.
- Walter BN, Huang Z, Jakobi R et al. (1998). "Cleavage and activation of p21-activated protein kinase gamma-PAK by CPP32 (caspase 3). Effects of autophosphorylation on activity". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (44): 28733–9. DOI:10.1074/jbc.273.44.28733. PMID 9786869.
- Chew TL, Masaracchia RA, Goeckeler ZM, Wysolmerski RB (1999). "Phosphorylation of non-muscle myosin II regulatory light chain by p21-activated kinase (gamma-PAK)". J. Muscle Res. Cell. Motil. 19 (8): 839–54. PMID 10047984.
- Gatti A, Huang Z, Tuazon PT, Traugh JA (1999). "Multisite autophosphorylation of p21-activated protein kinase gamma-PAK as a function of activation". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (12): 8022–8. DOI:10.1074/jbc.274.12.8022. PMID 10075701.
External links [link]
- PAK2 Info with links in the Cell Migration Gateway
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