Group

Group may refer to:

Groups of people

In science and technology

In mathematics

In chemistry

In computing and the internet

Other uses in science and technology

Other uses

Stratigraphic unit

A stratigraphic unit is a volume of rock of identifiable origin and relative age range that is defined by the distinctive and dominant, easily mapped and recognizable petrographic, lithologic or paleontologic features (facies) that characterize it.

Units must be mappable and distinct from one another, but the contact need not be particularly distinct. For instance, a unit may be defined by terms such as "when the sandstone component exceeds 75%".

Lithostratigraphic units

Sequences of sedimentary and volcanic rocks are subdivided on the basis of their lithology. Going from smaller to larger in scale, the main units recognised are Bed, Member, Formation, Group and Supergroup.

Bed

A bed is a lithologically distinct layer within a member or formation and is the smallest recognisable stratigraphic unit. These are not normally named, but may be in the case of a marker horizon.

Member

A member is a named lithologically distinct part of a formation. Not all formations are subdivided in this way and even where they are recognized, they may only form part of the formation.

1994 Group

The 1994 Group was a coalition of smaller research-intensive universities in the United Kingdom, founded in 1994 to defend these universities' interests following the creation of the Russell Group by larger research-intensive universities earlier that year. The 1994 Group originally represented seventeen universities, rising to nineteen, and then dropping to eleven. The Group started to falter in 2012, when a number of high performing members left to join the Russell Group. The 1994 Group ultimately dissolved in November 2013.

Role

The group sought "to represent the views of its members on the current state and the future of higher education through discussions with the government, funding bodies, and other higher education interest groups" and "[made] its views known through its research publications and in the media".

University Alliance, million+, GuildHE and the Russell Group were its fellow university membership groups across the UK higher education sector.

Members

1994 Group position in league tables

Program Memory Area

PCA, PMA, PA, SUA

PCA: The Power Calibration Area is used to determine the correct power level for the laser.

PMA: The Program Memory Area of a CDRW is a record of the data recorded on an unfinished or unfinalized disc.
It is used as a transition TOC while the session is still open.
PMA records may contain information on up to 99 audio tracks and their start and stop times (CD-DA),
or sector addresses for the start of data files for each session on a data CD.

PA: The Program Area contains the audio tracks or data files.

Each session on a multi-session disc has a corresponding lead-in, PMA, PA and lead-out.

When the session is closed TOC information in the PMA is written into a lead-in area and the PCA and PMA are logically eliminated.
The lead-out is created to mark the end of the data in the session.

SUA: The System User Area The PCA and the PMA grouped together are sometimes denoted as the System User Area.

External links

Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act

The United States Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (abbreviated as FFDCA, FDCA, or FD&C), is a set of laws passed by Congress in 1938 giving authority to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to oversee the safety of food, drugs, and cosmetics. A principal author of this law was Royal S. Copeland, a three-term U.S. Senator from New York. In 1968, the Electronic Product Radiation Control provisions were added to the FD&C. Also in that year the FDA formed the Drug Efficacy Study Implementation (DESI) to incorporate into FD&C regulations the recommendations from a National Academy of Sciences investigation of effectiveness of previously marketed drugs. The act has been amended many times, most recently to add requirements about bioterrorism preparations.

The introduction of this act was influenced by the death of more than 100 patients due to a sulfanilamide medication where diethylene glycol was used to dissolve the drug and make a liquid form. See Elixir Sulfanilamide disaster. It replaced the earlier Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906.

Photo Marketing Association

The Photo Marketing Association International (or PMA) International Convention and Trade Show is an annual imaging technology trade show conducted by PMA held in Las Vegas. Since 2012, the show has been branded as PMA@CES, reflecting its rescheduling to coincide with International CES, a major annual consumer electronics trade show also held in Las Vegas.

The PMA International Convention and Trade Show is frequently the occasion for the public introduction of important imaging products. The major competition for this trade show is Photokina, held in even-numbered years in Cologne, Germany.

In 2012, PMA announced it would launch an online community known as The Big Photo Show, with associated trade shows under that banner in the U.S. The first such show was held in Los Angeles in May 2013, with another scheduled for that city in May 2014. Unlike PMA@CES, which is restricted exclusively to trade visitors, The Big Photo Show is specifically intended for consumers.