Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate or PtdIns(4,5)P2, also known simply as PIP2, is a minor phospholipid component of cell membranes. PtdIns(4,5)P2 is enriched at the plasma membrane where it is a substrate for a number of important signaling proteins.
PtdIns(4,5)P2 is formed primarily by the type I phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinases from PI(4)P. In metazoans, PtdIns(4,5)P2 can also be formed by type II phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinases from PI(5)P.
The fatty acids of PtdIns(4,5)P2 are variable in different species and tissues, but studies show the most common fatty acids are stearic in position 1 and arachidonic in 2.
Functions
IP3/DAG pathway
PtdIns(4,5)P2 functions as an intermediate in the [IP3/DAG pathway], which is initiated by ligands binding to G protein-coupled receptors activating the Gq alpha subunit. PtdIns(4,5)P2 is a substrate for hydrolysis by phospholipase C (PLC), a membrane-bound enzyme activated through protein receptors such as α1 adrenergic receptors. PtdIns(4,5)P2 regulates the function of many membrane proteins and ion channels, such as the M-channel. The products of the PLC catalyzation of PtdIns(4,5)P2 are inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3; IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG), both of which function as second messengers. In this cascade, DAG remains on the cell membrane and activates the signal cascade by activating protein kinase C (PKC). PKC in turn activates other cytosolic proteins by phosphorylating them. The effect of PKC could be reversed by phosphatases. IP3 enters the cytoplasm and activates IP3 receptors on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which opens calcium channels on the smooth ER, allowing mobilization of calcium ions through specific Ca2+ channels into the cytosol. Calcium participates in the cascade by activating other proteins.
PIP2 (disambiguation)
PIP2, or phosphatidylinositol biphosphate, is a general term that refers to the products obtained by cleavage of PIP3, or by phosphorylation of PI(3)P, PI(4)P or PI(5)P.
The term 'PIP2' is most frequently used to refer to:
The other PIP2 lipids are:
Podcasts:
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by Baby Boy
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by Baby Boy
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by Baby Boy
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by Baby Boy
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by Baby Boy
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by Baby Boy
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by Baby Boy
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by Baby Boy
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by Baby Boy
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by Bobby Hebb
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by Bobby Hebb
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by Bobby Hebb
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by Bobby B
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by Baba B
Baby Boy
by: Baby BoyThis is the way I live.
Lil' Boy still pushin' big wheels
I stack my money, lay low, and chill.
Don't need to work hard that's the way I feel, I feel, I
This is the way I live.
Lil' Boy still pushin' big wheels
I stack my money, lay low, and chill.
Don't need to work hard that's the way I feel, I feel, I
This is the way I live.
Six months later now we're big dog status.
Name elevated but I still act average.
Rockin' shows in Dallas, ball like I play for the Mavericks.
West Bank rapper and I'm one of the baddest.
French Rivera spot and I'm getting in shape man.
I think I'm Super M-a-n without a cape man.
Ridin' all day hustlin'; all for the cake man.
I'm a Benjamin stack one inch taller than Great Danes.
First they made cheap Ray-Ban like a felon.
I'm growin' up now spittin' hotter than Mohellans
I'm a steal every girl ever gon' to fly.
I'm a young little dude, stay runnin' from cops.
Emerald Row is the place where I got my props.
People love me in da hood they don't want me to stop.
So uhh, that's the only way I know how to rock.
And I'm a stay rappers like won't stop ‘til I drop.
This is the way I live.
Lil' Boy still pushin' big wheels
I stack my money, lay low, and chill.
Don't need to work hard that's the way I feel, I feel, I
This is the way I live.
Lil' Boy still pushin' big wheels
I stack my money, lay low, and chill.
Don't need to work hard that's the way I feel, I feel, I
This is the way I live.
I I's Baby Boy and I done it again.
I'm ridin fly with D-Wizzle in ‘cedes Benz
Twenty two wanna ride with the ladies then
Red Bull, Grey Goose, now the ladies bent
Now we go and do a thing under a shady tent
And they don't question what I say cause I'm a ladies pimp.
See this little one right here this fellow got stripes.
And I is represent, my rail room for life.
Money in my pocket but I still act trife
While I in da club they say the parlor a'int right.
Look I'm-doing great that's the way I feel.
Hustlin' hard all day that's the way I live.
This is the way I live.
Lil' Boy still pushin' big wheels
I stack my money, lay low, and chill.
Don't need to work hard that's the way I feel, I feel, I
This is the way I live.
Lil' Boy still pushin' big wheels
I stack my money, lay low, and chill.
Don't need to work hard that's the way I feel, I feel, I
This is the way I live.
This the two-seat rider with the ketchup inside.
Red pepper paint must believe my ish ride.
They pause like stop signs when they rollin' up.
Cause' when the doors open up, they open UP.
I'm Lamboin' it I was stashed, off stage I'm throwin' it.
Cause they say I'm like Katrina with money, I blow the shhhh.
Real been gravy, three years out of da eighties.
Solos, shabo's valley animals played it.
Commodores mirages, not the Nike hirages.
It cost 250 on up to put your foot inside this.
Y'all was wearing rocks that was my time to shine.
Don't give me viesels y'all thinkin' this McDonalds size.
I been fly I I I I I I I I from the crib to the ri I I I I I de
Fifty-Four inch screens 26 inches from the ceiling dude.
The plasma look like a projector up in da livin' room homie!
This is the way I live.
Lil' Boy still pushin' big wheels
I stack my money, lay low, and chill.
Don't need to work hard that's the way I feel, I feel, I
This is the way I live.
Lil' Boy still pushin' big wheels
I stack my money, lay low, and chill.
Don't need to work hard that's the way I feel, I feel, I