Portable Document Format

The Portable Document Format (PDF) is a file format used to present documents in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems. Each PDF file encapsulates a complete description of a fixed-layout flat document, including the text, fonts, graphics, and other information needed to display it. In 1991, Adobe Systems' co-founder John Warnock outlined a system called "Camelot" that developed into PDF.

Adobe Systems made the PDF specification available free of charge in 1993. PDF was a proprietary format controlled by Adobe, until it was officially released as an open standard on July 1, 2008, and published by the International Organization for Standardization as ISO 32000-1:2008, at which time control of the specification passed to an ISO Committee of volunteer industry experts. In 2008, Adobe published a Public Patent License to ISO 32000-1 granting royalty-free rights for all patents owned by Adobe that are necessary to make, use, sell, and distribute PDF compliant implementations. However, there are still some proprietary technologies defined only by Adobe, such as Adobe XML Forms Architecture and JavaScript for Acrobat, which are referenced by ISO 32000-1 as normative and indispensable for the application of the ISO 32000-1 specification. These proprietary technologies are not standardized and their specification is published only on Adobe’s website. The ISO committee is actively standardizing many of these as part of ISO 32000-2.

Palladium(II,IV) fluoride

Palladium(II,IV) fluoride, also known as palladium trifluoride, is a chemical compound of palladium and fluorine. It has the empirical formula PdF3, but is better described as the mixed-valence compound palladium(II) hexafluoropalladate(IV), PdII[PdIVF6] and is often written as Pd[PdF6] or Pd2F6.

Synthesis

Pd[PdF6] is the most stable product of the reaction of fluorine and metallic palladium.

Structure and properties

Pd[PdF6] is paramagnetic and both Pd(II) and Pd(IV) occupy octahedral sites in the crystal structure. The PdII-F distance is 2.17 Å, whereas the PdIV-F distance is 1.90 Å.

See also

  • Palladium fluoride
  • References

    Palladium(II) fluoride

    Palladium(II) fluoride, also known as palladium difluoride, is the chemical compound of palladium and fluorine with the formula PdF2.

    Synthesis

    PdF2 is prepared by refluxing palladium(II,IV) fluoride, PdII[PdIVF6], with selenium tetrafluoride, SeF4.

    Structure and paramagnetism

    Like its lighter congener nickel(II) fluoride, PdF2 adopts a rutile-type crystal structure, containing octahedrally coordinated palladium, which has the electronic configuration t6
    2g
    e2
    g
    . This configuration causes PdF2 to be paramagnetic due to two unpaired electrons, one in each eg-symmetry orbital of palladium.

    See also

  • Palladium fluoride
  • References

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