PCI configuration space

PCI configuration space is the underlying way that the Conventional PCI, PCI-X and PCI Express perform auto configuration of the cards inserted into their bus.

Overview

PCI devices have a set of registers referred to as configuration space and PCI Express introduces extended configuration space for devices. Configuration space registers are mapped to memory locations. Device drivers and diagnostic software must have access to the configuration space, and operating systems typically use APIs to allow access to device configuration space. When the operating system does not have access methods defined or APIs for memory mapped configuration space requests, the driver or diagnostic software has the burden to access the configuration space in a manner that is compatible with the operating system's underlying access rules. In all systems, device drivers are encouraged to use APIs provided by the operating system to access the configuration space of the device.

Technical information

PCI

PCI may refer to:

Business and economics

Organizations

Conventional PCI

Conventional PCI, often shortened to PCI, is a local computer bus for attaching hardware devices in a computer. PCI is the initialism for Peripheral Component Interconnect and is part of the PCI Local Bus standard. The PCI bus supports the functions found on a processor bus but in a standardized format that is independent of any particular processor's native bus. Devices connected to the PCI bus appear to a bus master to be connected directly to its own bus and are assigned addresses in the processor's address space. It is a parallel bus, synchronous to a single bus clock.

Attached devices can take either the form of an integrated circuit fitted onto the motherboard itself (called a planar device in the PCI specification) or an expansion card that fits into a slot. The PCI Local Bus was first implemented in IBM PC compatibles, where it displaced the combination of several slow ISA slots and one fast VESA Local Bus slot as the bus configuration. It has subsequently been adopted for other computer types. Typical PCI cards used in PCs include: network cards, sound cards, modems, extra ports such as USB or serial, TV tuner cards and disk controllers. PCI video cards replaced ISA and VESA cards until growing bandwidth requirements outgrew the capabilities of PCI. The preferred interface for video cards then became AGP, itself a superset of conventional PCI, before giving way to PCI Express.

Ibrutinib

Ibrutinib (USAN, also known as PCI-32765 and marketed under the name Imbruvica) is an anticancer drug targeting B-cell malignancies. It is an orally-administered, selective and covalent inhibitor of the enzyme Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK).

Ibrutinib developed by Pharmacyclics, Inc and Johnson & Johnson's Janssen Pharmaceutical division for additional B-cell malignancies including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma.

It was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in November 2013 for the treatment of mantle cell lymphoma and in February 2014 for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In January 2015, ibrutinib was approved by the FDA for treatment of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia, a form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. According to the Wall Street Journal by January 2016 isbrutinib, a specialty drug, cost US$116,600 to $155,400 a year wholesale in the United States. In spite of discounts and medical insurance, the prohibitive price causes some patients to not fill their prescriptions. The company marketing the drug, AbbVie, did not develop the drug but acquired it through an acquisition in May 2015. AbbVie estimates global sales of the drug at US$1 billion in 2016 and $5 billion in 2020.

BDF

BDF or Bdf may refer to:

Military

BDF-3299

BDF-3299 is a remote galaxy with a redshift of z = 7.109 corresponds to a distance traveled by light to come down to Earth of 12.9 billion light years.

See also

References

BDF-521

BDF-521 is a remote galaxy with a redshift of z = 7.008 corresponds to a distance traveled by light to come down to Earth of 12.89 billion light years.

See also