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Bodhisattva

In Mahayana Buddhism, bodhisattva is the Sanskrit term for anyone who, motivated by great compassion, has generated bodhicitta, which is a spontaneous wish to attain buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings. Bodhisattvas are a popular subject in Buddhist art.

Origins and outlines

In early Indian Buddhism, the term bodhisattva was primarily used to refer specifically to Gautama Buddha in his former life. The Jataka tales, which are the stories of the Buddha's lives, depict the various attempts of the bodhisattva to embrace qualities like self-sacrifice and morality.

From this Jataka tales, Bodhisattva originally meant the Buddhism practitioner of austerities that surpassed Śrāvakayana and Pratyekabuddhayana by far and completed Bodhisattvayana. Mount Potalaka, for example, is one of Bodhisattvayana. The name for practitioners who do not yet reach Bodhisattvayana was not fixed, but the terms Śrāvaka-Bodhisattva (聲聞菩薩) or Pratyekabuddha-Bodhisattva (縁覚菩薩) already appear in Āgama which is sutras of early Indian Buddhism.

P. S. Nivas

P. S. Nivas, born in Kozhikode, Kerala, India, is an Indian cinematographer, film director, and film producer who has worked in Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu, and Hindi cinema.

Early life and education

He graduated from the St. Joseph's College, Devagiri, Kozhikode and passed Diploma in Film Technology From Institute of film Technology, Adayar, Madras. He was awarded the National Film Awards for Best Cinematographer for the Malayalam movie Mohiniyattam in the year 1977. He has won Kerala Film Fans Association award-1977 for the best cinematographer for the same movie in the year 1977. ANDHRA PRADESH STATE government award Nandi award for the year 1979 for the best cinematographer was awarded to nivas for the Telugu movie Nimajjanam.

Nivas started his film career as an operative camera man in P. N. Menon’s Malayalam movies - Kuttyedathi (1971), Mappusakshi (1972), Chembarathi (1972) and director Babu Nanthankode's Swapnam (1973), in which Ashok Kumar was the cinematographer. His first film as an independent camera man was Sathyathinte Nizhalil for which Babu Nanthankode was the director. Sudheer,the hero of the movie Sathyathinte Nizhalil, received the Best Actor Award of the Kerala State Government in 1975.