In music, the conclusion is the ending of a composition and may take the form of a coda or outro.
Pieces using sonata form typically use the recapitulation to conclude a piece, providing closure through the repetition of thematic material from the exposition in the tonic key. In all musical forms other techniques include "altogether unexpected digressions just as a work is drawing to its close, followed by a return...to a consequently more emphatic confirmation of the structural relations implied in the body of the work."[1]
For example:
- The slow movement of Bach's Brandenburg Concerto No. 2, where a "diminished-7th chord progression interrupts the final cadence.[1]
- The slow movement of Symphony No. 5 by Beethoven, where, "echoing afterthoughts," follow the initial statements of the first theme and only return expanded in the coda.[1]
- Varèse's Density 21.5, where partitioning of the chromatic scale into (two) whole tone scales provides the missing tritone of b implied in the previously exclusive partitioning by (three) diminished seventh chords.[1]
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Coda [link]
Coda (Italian for "tail", plural code) is a term used in music in a number of different senses, primarily to designate a passage which brings a piece (or one movement thereof) to a conclusion.
Outro [link]
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An outro (sometimes "outtro", also "extro") is the opposite of an intro. "Outro" is a blend or portmanteau as it replaces the element "in" of the "intro" with its opposite, to create a new word. The word was used facetiously by The Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band for the 1967 track "The Intro and the Outro".[citation needed]
The term is typically used only in the realm of pop music. It can refer to the concluding track of an album (such as Snoop Doggy Dogg's Tha Doggfather) or to an outro-solo, an instrumental solo (usually a guitar solo) played as the song fades out or until it stops. For outro-solo examples see Led Zeppelin's "Black Dog",[citation needed] Vanessa Carlton's "Home" (piano solo),[citation needed] Eric Clapton's "Layla" (piano, guitar and slide guitar solos composed with Jim Gordon),[citation needed] Pink Floyd' "Comfortably Numb",[citation needed] Eagles' "Hotel California",[citation needed] Metallica's "Fade to Black" and "Astronomy" (Blue Öyster Cult cover),[citation needed] Tenacious D's "The Metal",[citation needed] Dire Straits' "Tunnel of Love",[citation needed] Rush's "Working Man",[citation needed] Blur's "To the End (La Comedie)",[citation needed] and T34's "Hbabi".[citation needed]
Repeat and fade [link]
Repeat and fade is a musical direction used in sheet music as a notational shortcut to more formal notations such as Dal Segno.[2] The direction is to be taken literally: while repeating the chord progression and/or leit motif indicated prior to the section annotated "repeat and fade", the player(s) should continue to play/repeat, and the mixer or player(s) should fade the volume while the player(s) repeat the appropriate musical segments, until the song has been faded out (usually by faders on the mixing board)
Examples [link]
Repeat and fade endings are rarely found in live performances, but are often used in studio recordings.[2] Examples include:
- "America" as recorded by Simon and Garfunkel[citation needed]
- "Fool on the Hill" as recorded by The Beatles[citation needed]
- "Funeral for a Friend/Love Lies Bleeding" as recorded by Elton John[citation needed]
- "Karma Police" as recorded by Radiohead[citation needed]
- "King of the Road" as recorded by Roger Miller[citation needed]
- "Time and a Word" as recorded by Yes[3]
See also [link]
Sources [link]
- ^ a b c d Perle, George (1990). The Listening Composer. California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-06991-9.
- ^ a b Perricone, Jack (2000). Melody in Songwriting: Tools and Techniques for Writing Hit Songs. Berklee Press. pp. 6. ISBN 0-634-00638-X.
- ^ {{cite book
- "Paradise City" as recorded by [Guns N Roses]]
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
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https://wn.com/Conclusion_(music)
Psyence Fiction
Psyence Fiction is the debut album by the group Unkle, released in 1998 for Mo'Wax.
Notes
"Unreal" is an instrumental version of the song "Be There" (featuring Ian Brown), which was released a year later as a single. On some early presses of the album, instrumental versions of "Guns Blazing" and "The Knock" were added as tracks 13 and 14. On some re-releases of this album, "Be There" was added as track 13. Some versions (mainly the Japanese release, but also the US promotional copy) contain the hidden track "Intro (optional)" as "track zero", which is actually the pre-gap (index 0) of track 1. This can be accessed by "rewinding" the first track on some CD players.
"Lonely Soul" was featured in an Assassin's Creed trailer for PS3, Xbox 360, and PC. It was also featured on the soundtrack to the film The Beach, in the first episode of Misfits and in the Person of Interest episode "Matsya Nyaya".
Psyence Fiction reached #4 on the UK album charts, and #107 on US Billboard 200. It also debuted at #15 in Australia.
Closing credits
Closing credits or end credits are added at the very ending of a motion picture, television program, or video game to list the cast and crew involved in the production. They usually appear as a list of names in small type, which either flip very quickly from page to page, or move smoothly across the background or a black screen. Credits may crawl either right-to-left (which is common in U.K. and some Latin American television programs) or bottom-to-top (which is common in films and U.S. television). The term credit roll comes from the early production days when the names were literally printed on a roll of paper and wound past the camera lens. Sometimes, post-credits scenes or bloopers are added to the end of films along with the closing credits.
History
The use of closing credits in film to list complete production crew and cast was not firmly established in American film until the 1970s. Before this decade, most movies were released with no closing credits at all. Films generally had opening credits only, which consisted of just major cast and crew, although sometimes the names of the cast and the characters they played would be shown at the end, as in The Wizard of Oz, Citizen Kane, Mary Poppins, Oliver! and the 1964 Fail Safe. Two of the first major films to contain extensive closing credits – but almost no opening credits – were the blockbusters Around the World in 80 Days (1956) and West Side Story (1961). West Side Story showed only the title at the beginning of the film, and Around the World in 80 Days, like many films today, had no opening credits at all.
Radical (Chinese characters)
A Chinese radical (Chinese: 部首; pinyin: bùshǒu; literally: "section header") is a graphical component of a Chinese character under which the character is traditionally listed in a Chinese dictionary. This component is often a semantic indicator (that is, an indicator of the meaning of the character), though in some cases the original semantic connection has become obscure, owing to changes in character meaning over time. In other cases, the radical may be a phonetic component or even an artificially extracted portion of the character.
The English term "radical" is based on an analogy between the structure of characters and inflection of words in European languages. Radicals are also sometimes called "classifiers", but this name is more commonly applied to grammatical classifiers (measure words).
History
In the earliest Chinese dictionaries, such as the Erya (3rd century BC), characters were grouped together in broad semantic categories. Because the vast majority of characters are phono-semantic compounds, combining a semantic component with a phonetic component, each semantic component tended to recur within a particular section of the dictionary. In the 2nd century AD, the Han dynasty scholar Xu Shen organized his etymological dictionary Shuowen Jiezi by selecting 540 recurring graphic elements he called bù (部 , "categories"). Most were common semantic components, but they also included shared graphic elements such as a dot or horizontal stroke. Some were even artificially extracted groups of strokes, termed "glyphs" by Serruys (1984, p. 657), which never had an independent existence other than being listed in Shuowen. Each character was listed under only one element, which is then referred to as the radical for that character. For example, characters containing 女 nǚ "female" or 木 mù "tree, wood" are often grouped together in the sections for those radicals.
Radical (mixtape)
Radical is a mixtape by the alternative hip hop collective, Odd Future. It was released on May 7, 2010. The mixtape features Odd Future members Tyler, The Creator, Hodgy Beats, Left Brain and Jasper Dolphin, as well as newly introduced members Earl Sweatshirt, Domo Genesis, Mike G and Taco rapping over some of their favorite beats.
Matt Martians, Frank Ocean and Syd tha Kyd, are the only musical members of Odd Future, who didn't appear on the mixtape. However, Sydney was involved in the recording and mastering process and contributes brief vocals on the track "Swag Me Out".
Track listing
References
External links
Radical 167
Radical 167 meaning "gold" or "metal" is 1 of 9 Kangxi radicals (214 radicals total) composed of 8 strokes. It also represents the Chinese family name, Jin, which is No. 29[1] of the Hundred Family Surnames.
In the Kangxi Dictionary there are 806 characters (out of 49,030) to be found under this radical.
In the Chinese Wu Xing ("Five Phases"), 金 represents the element Metal.
