In music, the conclusion is the ending of a composition and may take the form of a coda or outro.
Pieces using sonata form typically use the recapitulation to conclude a piece, providing closure through the repetition of thematic material from the exposition in the tonic key. In all musical forms other techniques include "altogether unexpected digressions just as a work is drawing to its close, followed by a return...to a consequently more emphatic confirmation of the structural relations implied in the body of the work."[1]
For example:
- The slow movement of Bach's Brandenburg Concerto No. 2, where a "diminished-7th chord progression interrupts the final cadence.[1]
- The slow movement of Symphony No. 5 by Beethoven, where, "echoing afterthoughts," follow the initial statements of the first theme and only return expanded in the coda.[1]
- Varèse's Density 21.5, where partitioning of the chromatic scale into (two) whole tone scales provides the missing tritone of b implied in the previously exclusive partitioning by (three) diminished seventh chords.[1]
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Coda [link]
Coda (Italian for "tail", plural code) is a term used in music in a number of different senses, primarily to designate a passage which brings a piece (or one movement thereof) to a conclusion.
Outro [link]
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An outro (sometimes "outtro", also "extro") is the opposite of an intro. "Outro" is a blend or portmanteau as it replaces the element "in" of the "intro" with its opposite, to create a new word. The word was used facetiously by The Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band for the 1967 track "The Intro and the Outro".[citation needed]
The term is typically used only in the realm of pop music. It can refer to the concluding track of an album (such as Snoop Doggy Dogg's Tha Doggfather) or to an outro-solo, an instrumental solo (usually a guitar solo) played as the song fades out or until it stops. For outro-solo examples see Led Zeppelin's "Black Dog",[citation needed] Vanessa Carlton's "Home" (piano solo),[citation needed] Eric Clapton's "Layla" (piano, guitar and slide guitar solos composed with Jim Gordon),[citation needed] Pink Floyd' "Comfortably Numb",[citation needed] Eagles' "Hotel California",[citation needed] Metallica's "Fade to Black" and "Astronomy" (Blue Öyster Cult cover),[citation needed] Tenacious D's "The Metal",[citation needed] Dire Straits' "Tunnel of Love",[citation needed] Rush's "Working Man",[citation needed] Blur's "To the End (La Comedie)",[citation needed] and T34's "Hbabi".[citation needed]
Repeat and fade [link]
Repeat and fade is a musical direction used in sheet music as a notational shortcut to more formal notations such as Dal Segno.[2] The direction is to be taken literally: while repeating the chord progression and/or leit motif indicated prior to the section annotated "repeat and fade", the player(s) should continue to play/repeat, and the mixer or player(s) should fade the volume while the player(s) repeat the appropriate musical segments, until the song has been faded out (usually by faders on the mixing board)
Examples [link]
Repeat and fade endings are rarely found in live performances, but are often used in studio recordings.[2] Examples include:
- "America" as recorded by Simon and Garfunkel[citation needed]
- "Fool on the Hill" as recorded by The Beatles[citation needed]
- "Funeral for a Friend/Love Lies Bleeding" as recorded by Elton John[citation needed]
- "Karma Police" as recorded by Radiohead[citation needed]
- "King of the Road" as recorded by Roger Miller[citation needed]
- "Time and a Word" as recorded by Yes[3]
See also [link]
Sources [link]
- ^ a b c d Perle, George (1990). The Listening Composer. California: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-06991-9.
- ^ a b Perricone, Jack (2000). Melody in Songwriting: Tools and Techniques for Writing Hit Songs. Berklee Press. pp. 6. ISBN 0-634-00638-X.
- ^ {{cite book
- "Paradise City" as recorded by [Guns N Roses]]
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
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Outro (album)
Outro is a 2002 album by Jair Oliveira. Jair’s second album blends jazz, samba, soul and MPB. Most of Outro's songs were co-written by fellow Brazilian singer and composer Ed Motta.
Track listing
Psyence Fiction
Psyence Fiction is the debut album by the group Unkle, released in 1998 for Mo'Wax.
Notes
"Unreal" is an instrumental version of the song "Be There" (featuring Ian Brown), which was released a year later as a single. On some early presses of the album, instrumental versions of "Guns Blazing" and "The Knock" were added as tracks 13 and 14. On some re-releases of this album, "Be There" was added as track 13. Some versions (mainly the Japanese release, but also the US promotional copy) contain the hidden track "Intro (optional)" as "track zero", which is actually the pre-gap (index 0) of track 1. This can be accessed by "rewinding" the first track on some CD players.
"Lonely Soul" was featured in an Assassin's Creed trailer for PS3, Xbox 360, and PC. It was also featured on the soundtrack to the film The Beach, in the first episode of Misfits and in the Person of Interest episode "Matsya Nyaya".
Psyence Fiction reached #4 on the UK album charts, and #107 on US Billboard 200. It also debuted at #15 in Australia.
Drone
Drone or drones may refer to:
Nature
Vehicles
- Unmanned combat aerial vehicle, or UCAV, a UAV for combat
Chemicals
Literature
Entertainment
Drone (2014 film)
Drone is a 2014 English-language documentary film directed by Norwegian director Tonje Hessen Schei. The film explores the use of drones in warfare. Drone aired on the TV network Arte on April 15, 2014. The documentary screened at several film festivals throughout 2014, winning several awards. Drone was released in Norway on February 27, 2015.
Premise
Variety reported, "'Drone' depicts the recruitment of young pilots at gaming conventions, explores the changing perceptions of what 'going to war' means, as well as the moral stance of engineers behind the technology. The docu also investigates the ways in which world leaders engage in wars, as well as look at the struggle of anti-war and civil rights activists."
Production
Drone was produced by Lars Løge at Flimmer Film and directed by Tonje Hessen Schei. The film received financial support from backers in Norway and from around the world.
Release
Theatrical screenings
The sales outfit LevelK acquired Drone at the Nordic Film Market at the Gothenburg Film Festival in January 2014. A 58-minute cut of Drone premiered on the TV network Arte on April 15, 2014. A 79-minute cut was edited for subsequent screenings. In October 2014, Drone screened at the Bergen International Film Festival and won Best Norwegian Documentary and the Checkpoint Human Rights awards. In January 2015, it screened at the Tromsø International Film Festival and won the Norwegian Peace Film Award. In the following February, it screened at the Berlin International Film Festival and won the Cinema for Peace award. In the same month, LevelK sold distribution rights to Drone to several major territories.
Unmanned aerial vehicle
An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), commonly known as a drone, as an unmanned aircraft system (UAS), and also referred by several other names, is an aircraft without a human pilot aboard. The flight of UAVs may be controlled with various kinds of autonomy : either by a given degree of remote control from an operator, located on the ground or in another vehicle, or fully autonomously, by onboard computers.
Historically, UAVs were simple remotely piloted aircrafts, but autonomous control is increasingly being employed : UAV stands nowadays at the crossroads of aviation, electromagnetics, radiocommunication, computer science, avionics, automation, cybernetics, and even core fields of artificial intelligence such as computer vision, decision-making, machine learning and robotics.
UAVs are often preferred for missions that are too "dull, dirty or dangerous" for manned aircrafts. They have and are mostly found in military and special operation applications. Though, UAVs are increasingly finding uses in civil applications, such as policing and surveillance, aerial filming and hobbyist FPV racing.
Embers (novel)
Embers is a 1942 novel by the Hungarian writer Sándor Márai. Its original Hungarian title is A gyertyák csonkig égnek, which means "Candles burn until the end". The narrative revolves around an elderly general who invites an old friend from military school for dinner; the friend had disappeared mysteriously for 41 years, and the dinner begins to resemble a trial where the friend is prosecuted for his character traits. The book was published in English in 2000.
Reception
Anna Shapiro reviewed the book for The Observer in 2002, and wrote: "Elegiac, sombre, musical, and gripping, Embers is a brilliant disquisition on friendship, one of the most ambitious in literature." Shapiro continued: "About a milieu and values that were already dying before the outbreak of World War II, it has the grandeur and sharpness of Jean Renoir's 1937 movie masterpiece La Grande Illusion, with which it shares, in both oblique and pronounced ways, some of its substance."
Stage Play
In 2006, Embers was adapted into a stage play by Christopher Hampton, starring Jeremy Irons and Patrick Malahide.
