Track (rail transport)

The track on a railway or railroad, also known as the permanent way, is the structure consisting of the rails, fasteners, railroad ties (sleepers, British English) and ballast (or slab track), plus the underlying subgrade. It enables trains to move by providing a dependable surface for their wheels to roll. For clarity it is often referred to as railway track (British English and UIC terminology) or railroad track (predominantly in the United States). Tracks where electric trains or electric trams run are equipped with an electrification system such as an overhead electrical power line or an additional electrified rail.

The term permanent way also refers to the track in addition to lineside structures such as fences etc.

Structure

Traditional track structure

Notwithstanding modern technical developments, the overwhelmingly dominant track form worldwide consists of flat-bottom steel rails supported on timber or pre-stressed concrete sleepers, which are themselves laid on crushed stone ballast.

Fidelipac

The Fidelipac, commonly known as a "NAB cartridge" or simply "cart", is a magnetic tape sound recording format, used for radio broadcasting for playback of material over the air such as radio commercials, jingles, station identifications, and music. Fidelipac is the official name of this industry standard audio tape cartridge. It was developed in 1954 by inventor George Eash (although the invention of the Fidelipac cartridge has also been credited to Vern Nolte of the Automatic Tape Company), and commercially introduced in 1959 by Collins Radio at the 1959 NAB Convention. The cartridge was widely used at radio stations until the late 1990s, when such formats as MiniDisc and computerized broadcast automation made the Fidelipac cartridge obsolete.

History

The Fidelipac cartridge was the first audio tape cartridge available commercially, based on the endless-loop tape cartridge design developed by Bernard Cousino in 1952, while Eash shared space in Cousino's electronics shop in the early 1950s. Instead of manufacturing the Fidelipac format himself after developing it, Eash decided to license it for manufacture to Telepro Industries, in Cherry Hill, New Jersey. Telepro then manufactured and marketed the format under the Fidelipac brand name.

Multitrack recording

Multitrack recording (MTR)—also known as multitracking, double tracking, or tracking—is a method of sound recording that allows for the separate recording of multiple sound sources or sound sources recorded at different times to create a cohesive whole. Multitracking became possible with in the mid-1950s when the idea of simultaneously recording different audio channels to separate discrete "tracks" on the same tape was developed. A "track" was simply a different channel recorded to its own discrete area on tape whereby their relative sequence of recorded events would be preserved, and playback would be simultaneous or synchronized.

Multitrack recording was a significant technical improvement in the sound recording process, because it allowed studio engineers to record all of the instruments and vocals for a piece of music separately. This allowed the engineer to adjust the levels and tone of each individual track, and if necessary, redo certain tracks or overdub parts of the track to correct errors or get a better "take." As well, different electronic effects such as reverb could be applied to specific tracks. Multitrack recording was more than a technical innovation; it also enabled record producers to create new sounds that would be impossible to create outside the studio, such as a lead singer adding many harmony vocals with their own voice to his own lead vocal part, or an electric guitar player playing many harmony parts along with their own guitar solo.

Sphere (Japanese band)

Sphere is a J-pop idol unit made up of voice actresses who are all managed by Sony Music Entertainment's Music Ray'n subdivision, under the Lantis music label GloryHeaven. The group debuted in April 2009 releasing their first single "Future Stream", which was followed up with the June 2009 release of "Dangerous Girls" theme used in the opening animation of the PlayStation Portable game "Ken to Mahou Gakuen Mono 2" (known in the US as "Class of Heroes 2"). As all four are voice actresses, their music is frequently featured as theme songs to a variety of anime series, including First Love Limited, Sora no Manimani, Demon King Daimao, Asobi ni iku yo! and Ryūgajō Nanana no Maizōkin. The group features in the anime Natsuiro Kiseki, in which every member has a role as the four main characters.

Members

Discography

Source:

Albums

Sphere (American band)

Sphere were an American jazz ensemble which began as a tribute to pianist/composer Thelonious Monk, whose middle name was "Sphere".

The band initially consisting of Monk's longtime tenor saxophonist Charlie Rouse, pianist Kenny Barron, bassist Buster Williams, and Monk's former drummer Ben Riley. Saxophonist Gary Bartz assumed Rouse's place after his death in 1988.

Discography

References

Robin DiMaggio

Robin DiMaggio (born 1971) is a drummer and classical/world percussionist based out of Los Angeles. He has performed/recorded with artists as diverse as Steve Vai, Paul Simon, Diana Ross, and Dr. Dre. He has also worked as a producer/songwriter and a composer/arranger, and produced the albums Road to Forever (2012) by Don Felder of The Eagles and Be Here Then (2014) by Stephen Bishop.

Music career

As a drummer and percussionist, DiMaggio has performed/recorded with a variety of artists including Paul Simon, David Bowie, Jackson Browne, Diana Ross, Tupac, Dr. Dre, Luther Vandross, Lil Jon, Martina McBride, Daft Punk, Johnny Cash, and Chris Isaak, among others, as well as sitarist/composer Ravi Shankar and violin maestro L. Shankar.

On September 9, 2013, DiMagio took the role of Musical Director and drummer for the late night TV show the Arsenio Hall Show on CBS. He has since performed with Nelly, Flo Rida, R. Kelly, Billy Ray Cyrus, Gladys Knight, and Earth Wind and Fire, among others. Prior to Arsenio, he was the house band drummer on the CW's hit game show Oh Sit and TBS' Lopez Tonight, hosted by George Lopez. In the latter he played with guests such as Slash, Carlos Santana, Jamie Foxx, Puff Daddy, Emilio Estefan, Hector Elizondo, Andrew Dice Clay, Andy Garcia, Lucrecia, Rodrigo y Gabriela, Steel Magnolias, David Guetta, Charlie Wilson, Beth Hart, Los Lobos, George Clinton and Justin Bieber, John Legend, Sergio Mendez, 50 Cent, P. Diddy, and Snoop Dogg. Robin is currently serving as Musical Director to the PGA Gala 67th 68th 69th session at the General Assembly and also serving as Musical Director for the South South Awards year during the General Assembly in Sept at the Majestic Waldorf Astoria N.Y. He has received his re occurring title as musical Director to the United Nations in 2015. Robin also collaborated with legendary Joe Satriani as co Writer and Producer to the new earthsong, Music without Words due out in September 2015.