2,alpha-DMT

2,alpha-DMT, or 2,α-dimethyltryptamine, is a tryptamine and a lesser-known psychedelic drug. It is the 2,a-dimethyl analog of DMT. 2,α-DMT was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. In his book TiHKAL (Tryptamines I Have Known and Loved), Shulgin lists the dosage as 300-500 mg, and the duration as 7-10 hours. 2,α-DMT causes mydriasis and paresthesia. It also produces a calm, drunk-like feeling. Very little data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of 2,α-DMT.

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DMT1

The divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), also known as natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 (NRAMP 2), and divalent cation transporter 1 (DCT1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC11A2 (solute carrier family 11, member 2) gene. DMT1 represents a large family of orthologous metal ion transporter proteins that are highly conserved from bacteria to humans.

As its name suggests, DMT1 binds a variety of divalent metals including cadmium (Cd²⁺), copper (Cu²⁺), and zinc (Zn^2+,,) however it is best known for its role in transporting ferrous iron (Fe²⁺); DMT1 expression is regulated by body iron stores to maintain iron homeostasis. DMT1 is also important in the absorption and transport of manganese (Mn²⁺). In the digestive tract, it is located on the apical membrane of enterocytes, where it carries out H⁺ coupled transport of divalent metal cations from the intestinal lumen into the cell.

Role in neurodegenerative diseases

Toxic accumulation of divalent metals, especially iron and/or manganese, are frequently discussed aetiological factors in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis. DMT1 may be the major transporter of manganese across the blood brain barrier and expression of this protein in the nasal epithelium provides a route for direct absorption of metals into the brain. DMT1 expression in the brain may increase with age, increasing susceptibility to metal induced pathologies. DMT1 expression is found to be increased in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's patients and in the ventral mesencephalon of animal models intoxicated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) - a neurotoxin widely used experimentally to produce Parkinsonian symptoms.

Existential quantification

In predicate logic, an existential quantification is a type of quantifier, a logical constant which is interpreted as "there exists", "there is at least one", or "for some".

It is usually denoted by the turned E (∃) logical operator symbol, which, when used together with a predicate variable, is called an existential quantifier ("∃x" or "∃(x)"). Existential quantification is distinct from universal quantification ("for all"), which asserts that the property or relation holds for all members of the domain.

Symbols are encoded U+2203 ∃ THERE EXISTS (HTML ∃ · ∃ · as a mathematical symbol) and U+2204 ∄ THERE DOES NOT EXIST (HTML ∄).

Basics

Consider a formula that states that some natural number multiplied by itself is 25.

This would seem to be a logical disjunction because of the repeated use of "or". However, the "and so on" makes this impossible to integrate and to interpret as a disjunction in formal logic. Instead, the statement could be rephrased more formally as

Something (TVXQ song)

"Something" is a song by South Korean pop duo TVXQ, also known as Tohoshinki in Japan. Serving as the lead single for their seventh Korean studio album Tense (2014), the song was produced by TVXQ's long-time collaborator Yoo Young-jin and co-written by Yoo with his brother Yoo Han-jin. Introduced as TVXQ's tenth anniversary comeback single, "Something" was released by S.M. Entertainment on January 6, 2014. Two versions of the song exist; the original Korean-language version, and a Japanese-language version, which was released by Avex Trax as a double A-sided CD single, along with "Hide & Seek", in Japan on February 5, 2014. It served as the fourth and final single release for the duo's seventh Japanese studio album, Tree (2014). Within a week of its release, the single was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ) for shipments of over 100,000.

Noted for being a major musical departure from TVXQ's earlier songs, "Something" is a song that incorporates swing performance styles with modern dance-pop. The song deals with a narcissistic male protagonist who tells women that they need to have "that something" in order to attract him. The accompanying music video, filmed in early December 2013, premiered on January 1, 2014 at 6pm KST.

Girl's Day

Girl's Day (Hangul: 걸스데이) is a four-member South Korean girl group formed under Dream Tea Entertainment, a subsidiary of Wellmade Yedang in 2010. The group consists of four girls who perform under the stage names of Sojin, Minah, Yura and Hyeri. Their official fan club name is Dai5y, changing the S in daisy as they had 5 members when they created this name.

Career

Pre-debut

Dream Tea started Girl's Day promotions before their debut with the creation of an official blog, YouTube channel, and Twitter accounts for the group and each member. A forum made by fans was also recognized by the company as their official international forum. The group also had dance flash mobs before their debut at the commercial and entertainment districts of Seoul, gaining interest of the public.

2010: Debut, line-up change, "Nothing Lasts Forever"

On July 7, the group released their first music video for the song "Tilt My Head". Two days later their debut mini-album. Girl's Day Party 1, was also released. They went on to further promote the album by releasing a second music video on July 21 for the track titled "How About Me", which was about summer. On September 12, only two months after their debut, it was announced that members Ji Sun and Ji In had left the group to pursue their respective interests; Yura and Hyeri were then added to the group. On October 29, the new line-up released their first digital single album, Girl's Day Party 2, which includes the lead track, "Nothing Lasts Forever" (잘해줘봐야 Jalhaejwo Bwaya).