Constantine Samuel Rafinesque

Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz, as he is known in Europe (October 22, 1783 – September 18, 1840), was a nineteenth-century polymath born near Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire and self-educated in France. He traveled as a young man in the United States, ultimately settling in Ohio in 1815, where he made notable contributions to botany, zoology, and the study of prehistoric earthworks in North America. He also contributed to the study of ancient Mesoamerican linguistics, in addition to work he had already completed in Europe.

Rafinesque was eccentric, and is often portrayed as an "erratic genius". He was an autodidact who excelled in various fields of knowledge, as a zoologist, botanist, writer and polyglot. He wrote prolifically on such diverse topics as anthropology, biology, geology, and linguistics, but was honored in none of these fields during his lifetime. Today, scholars agree that he was far ahead of his time in many areas. Among his theories was that ancestors of Native Americans had migrated by the Bering Sea from Asia to North America.

Royal Air Force

The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the United Kingdom's aerial warfare force. Formed toward the end of the First World War on 1 April 1918, it is the oldest independent air force in the world. Following victory over the Central Powers in 1918 the RAF emerged as, at the time, the largest air force in the world. Since its formation, the RAF has taken a significant role in British military history, in particular, playing a large part in the Second World War where it fought its most famous campaign, the Battle of Britain.

The RAF's mission is to support the objectives of the British Ministry of Defence (MoD), which are to "provide the capabilities needed: to ensure the security and defence of the United Kingdom and overseas territories, including against terrorism; to support the Government’s foreign policy objectives particularly in promoting international peace and security." The RAF describe its mission statement as "... [to provide] An agile, adaptable and capable Air Force that, person for person, is second to none, and that makes a decisive air power contribution in support of the UK Defence Mission." The mission statement is supported by the RAF's definition of air power, which guides its strategy. Air power is defined as: "The ability to project power from the air and space to influence the behaviour of people or the course of events."

RAF (disambiguation)

RAF is the Royal Air Force, the air force of the United Kingdom.

RAF or Raf may also refer to:

Organizations

Military and paramilitary

People

Other

NOI

NOI may refer to:

Noi can refer to:

Noi (Eros Ramazzotti album)

Noi (Spanish: Somos) is the twelfth studio album by Italian singer-songwriter Eros Ramazzotti released on 13 November 2012 by Universal Music. The album, produced by Ramazzotti and Luca Chiaravalli, was preceded by the single "Un angelo disteso al sole", released on 12 October 2012.

Background

On 21 July 2011, it was announced that Eros Ramazzotti had left Sony Music, signing a recording contract with Universal. A few days later, Ramazzotti's manager Giancarlo Giannini announced that he had planned to start working on new material between September and October 2011, in order to release a new album in November 2012. However, in January 2012 Ramazzotti split with his manager, replacing him with Michele Torpedine. This led to speculations that the release date of the album was postponed to January 2013, but Universal Music denied it, confirming the release of a new studio set in 2012.

In August 2012, it was announced that the new album would be released on 13 November 2012, while the album title was revealed on 4 September 2012. The artwork was published on 11 October 2012 through Ramazzotti's official Google+ account. Two days later, the first single from the album, titled "Un angelo disteso al sole", was internationally released to radios as well as a digital download. Details about the remaining tracks included on the album and the guest artists appearing on it were revealed on 15 October 2012, when the album's tracklist was officially confirmed.

Five-Percent Nation

The Five-Percent Nation, sometimes referred to as NGE or NOGE, the Nation of Gods and Earths, or the Five Percenters is an American organization founded in 1964 in the Harlem section of the borough of Manhattan, New York City, by a former member of the Nation of Islam named Clarence 13X (born Clarence Edward Smith and later known as "Allah the Father"). Clarence 13X, a former student of Malcolm X, left the Nation of Islam after a dispute with Elijah Muhammed over the fact that Elijah taught that the white man was the devil,yet did not teach that the black man was God. Specifically, Clarence 13X denied that the Nation's biracial founder W. Fard Muhammad was Allah and instead taught that the black man was himself God personified. Members of the group call themselves Allah's Five Percenters, which reflects the concept that ten percent of the people in the world know the truth of existence, and those elites and agents opt to keep eighty-five percent of the world in ignorance and under their controlling thumb; the remaining five percent are those who know the truth and are determined to enlighten the rest.