Ende (artist)

Ende (or En) was a female manuscript illuminator who worked on a 10th-century group of manuscripts, of which there are 24 known copies with illustrations. These manuscripts contain the Commentary on the Apocalypse compiled by the Spanish monk Beatus of Liébana in 786. Her signature appears in the Beatus located now at the Girona cathedral, known as Girona Beatus but maybe she worked in some other codex.

The manuscripts were created in a monastery in the mountains of Leon in northwest Spain. There are a number of hands discernible in the manuscripts. The chief painter was likely a priest called Senior. Historians have also attributed elements of the manuscripts to Emetrius, whose style is attributable in comparison to an earlier signed work. The third attributable hand is that of Ende. She signed the work as DEPINTRIX (painter) and DIE AIUTRIX (helper of god). She was probably a nun.

The illuminations illustrate the Apocalyptic Vision of St. John the Divine in the Book of Revelation in the Mozarabic style. This style developed in Spain after the Muslim invasions, blending elements of Islamic art and decorative traditions, particularly the emphasis on geometry, rich colors, ornamented grounds, and stylized figures.

Ton-force

A ton-force is one of various units of force defined as the weight of one ton due to standard gravity. The precise definition depends on the definition of ton used.

Tonne-force

The tonne-force (tf or t_f) is equal to the weight of one tonne.

Long ton-force

The long ton-force is equal to the weight of one long ton.

Short ton-force

The short ton-force is equal to the weight of one short ton.

Notes

STF

STF may refer to:

HD 130603

HD 130603 is a double star in the northern constellation of Boötes. As of 2010.476, the components have an angular separation of 2.06″ along a position angle of 54.7°.

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