Obwód

Obwód (plural obwody) is a term used in Polish to denote administrative districts in various countries, particularly as a translation of the Russian oblast. As administrative subdivisions of Poland itself, obwody existed as subdivisions of voivodeships (later gubernias) in the early part of the Congress Poland period, from 1816 until 1842, when they were renamed powiats (the former powiats being renamed okręgi). See Administrative division of Congress Poland.

Obwody were also created temporarily in 1945–46, in the areas annexed to Poland from Germany as a result of the Soviet military advance. An obwód was then a subdivision of an okręg. These obwody were later replaced by powiats, and the okręgi by voivodeships.

References

  • Administrative division of the Congress Poland (in Polish)
  • Article in Polish re 1945-46

  • Podcasts:

    PLAYLIST TIME:

    Opeth

    by: Opeth

    Ghost of Mother
    Lingering death
    Ghost on Mother's bed
    Black strands on the pillow
    Contour of her health
    Twisted face upon the head
    Ghost of perdition
    Stuck in her chest
    A warning no one read
    Tragic friendship
    Called inside the fog
    Pouring venom brew deceiving
    Devil cracked the earthly shell
    Foretold she was the one
    Blew hope into the room and said:
    "You have to live before you die young"
    Holding her down
    Channeling darkness
    Hemlock for the Gods
    Fading resistance
    Draining the weakness
    Penetrating inner light
    Road into the dark unaware
    Winding ever higher
    Darkness by her side
    Spoke and passed her by
    Dedicated hunter
    Waits to pull us under
    Rose up to its call
    In his arms she'd fall
    Mother light received
    And a faithful servant's free
    In time the hissing of her sanity
    Faded out her voice and soiled her name
    And like marked pages in a diary
    Everthing seemed clean that is unstained
    The incoherent talk of ordinary days
    Why would we really need to live?
    Decide what is clear and what's within a haze
    What you should take and what to give
    Ghost of perdition
    A saint's premonition's unclear
    Keeper of holy hordes
    Keeper of holy whores
    To see a beloved son
    In despair of what's to come
    If one cut the source of the flow
    And everything would change
    Would conviction fall
    In the shadow of the righteous
    The phantasm of your mind
    Might be calling you to go
    Defying the forgotten mortals




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