O. P. Nayyar

Omkar Prasad Nayyar (16 January 1926 – 28 January 2007) was an Indian cinematic music director and composer. He shared the 1958 Filmfare Award for Best Music Director (for Naya Daur) with C. Ramchandra.

Early life and career

Nayyar was born in Lahore, British India (present Pakistan). According to author Niilesh A. Raje, Nayyar briefly commuted to music classes by bicycle before doing so on horseback; this influenced his signature galloping style.

He composed the background score for Kaneez (1949), and 1952's Aasmaan (produced by Dalsukh M. Pancholi), was his first film as music director. Nayyar then composed music for Chham Chhama Chham (1952) and Baaz (1953). Film producer, director and actor Guru Dutt enlisted him to compose and conduct music for Aar Paar (1954), Mr. & Mrs. '55 (1955) and C.I.D. (1956). Nayyar's early work was primarily performed by Shamshad Begum, Geeta Dutt and Mohammed Rafi, with Asha Bhosle introduced in C.I.D.

In 1957 Filmalaya introduced Nasir Hussain, who wanted a composer to provide romantic scores for newcomers Shammi Kapoor and Ameeta. Nayyar's scores were featured in the Hussain films Tumsa Nahin Dekha (1957) and Phir Wohi Dil Laya Hoon (1964). During the decade, state-controlled All India Radio banned most of Nayyar's songs because the broadcaster considered them too "trendy".

OP

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Organizations

Dominican Order

The Order of Preachers (Latin: Ordo Praedicatorum, hence the abbreviation OP used by members), more commonly known after the 15th century as the Dominican Order or Dominicans, is a Roman Catholic religious order founded by the Spanish priest Saint Dominic de Guzman in France and approved by Pope Honorius III (1216–27) on 22 December 1216. Membership in this "mendicant" Order includes friars, nuns, active sisters, and lay or secular Dominicans (formerly known as tertiaries, though recently there has been a growing number of Associates, who are unrelated to the tertiaries) affiliated with the Order.

Founded to preach the Gospel and to combat heresy, the teaching activity of the order and its scholastic organization placed the Preachers in the forefront of the intellectual life of the Middle Ages. The order is famed for its intellectual tradition, having produced many leading theologians and philosophers. The Dominican Order is headed by the Master of the Order, who is currently Bruno Cadoré. Members of the order generally carry the letters O.P., standing for Ordinis Praedicatorum, meaning of the Order of Preachers, after their names.

Phosphorus pentoxide

Phosphorus pentoxide is a chemical compound with molecular formula P₄O₁₀ (with its common name derived from its empirical formula, P₂O₅). This white crystalline solid is the anhydride of phosphoric acid. It is a powerful desiccant and dehydrating agent.

Structure

Phosphorus pentoxide crystallizes in at least four forms or polymorphs. The most familiar one, a metastable form, shown in the figure, comprises molecules of P₄O₁₀. Weak van der Waals forces hold these molecules together in a hexagonal lattice (However, in spite of the high symmetry of the molecules, the crystal packing is not a close packing). The structure of the P₄O₁₀ cage is reminiscent of adamantane with T_dsymmetry point group. It is closely related to the corresponding anhydride of phosphorous acid, P₄O₆. The latter lacks terminal oxo groups. Its density is 2.30 g/cm³. It boils at 423 °C under atmospheric pressure; if heated more rapidly it can sublimate. This form can be made by condensing the vapor of phosphorus pentoxide rapidly, the result is an extremely hygroscopic solid.

Allotropes of oxygen

There are several known allotropes of oxygen. The most familiar is molecular oxygen (O₂), present at significant levels in Earth's atmosphere and also known as dioxygen or triplet oxygen. Another is the highly reactive ozone (O₃). Others include:

Atomic oxygen

Atomic oxygen, denoted O(³P), O(3P) or O((3)P), is very reactive, as the single atoms of oxygen tend to quickly bond with nearby molecules; on Earth's surface it does not exist naturally for very long, though in outer space, the presence of plenty of ultraviolet radiation results in a low Earth orbit atmosphere in which 96% of the oxygen occurs in atomic form.

Dioxygen

The common allotrope of elemental oxygen on Earth, O
2, is generally known as oxygen, but may be called dioxygen or molecular oxygen to distinguish it from the element itself. Elemental oxygen is most commonly encountered in this form, as about 21% (by volume) of Earth's atmosphere. Dioxygen can occur in metastable states, called singlet oxygen; in contrast, the ground state is known as triplet oxygen.