NL

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Laufey

Laufey or Nál is a figure from Norse mythology, the mother of Loki and consort of Fárbauti. Eddic poetry refers to Loki by the matronym Loki Laufeyjarson (Old Norse 'Loki Laufey's son') rather than with a patronymic.

Attestations

Laufey is mentioned several times in the Prose Edda, composed in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson. The first mention occurs in Gylfaginning, where High introduces Loki. High says that Loki is the son of Fárbauti, that "Laufey or Nál" is his mother, and that his brothers are Býleistr and Helblindi. Elsewhere in Gylfaginning, Loki is referred with employment of the matronymic Laufeyjarson (Old Norse 'Laufey's son'). This occurs twice more in Gylfaginning and once in Skádskaparmál. In addition, poetic means of referring to Loki are provided in the Prose Edda book Skaldskaparmal, including 'son of Fárbauti' or 'son of Laufey'.

Nál is mentioned twice in the Prose Edda, both times appearing in the phrase "Laufey or Nál"; once in Gylfaginning and once in Skáldskaparmál.

Soviet manned lunar programs

The Soviet manned lunar programs were a series of unsuccessful programs pursued by the Soviet Union to land a man on the Moon, in competition with the United States Apollo program to achieve the same goal set publicly by President John F. Kennedy on May 25, 1961. The Soviet government publicly denied participating in such a competition, but secretly pursued two programs in the 1960s: manned lunar flyby missions using Soyuz 7K-L1 (Zond) spacecraft launched with the Proton-K rocket, and a manned lunar landing using Soyuz 7K-LOK and LK Lander spacecraft launched with the N1 rocket. Following the dual American successes of the first manned lunar orbit on December 24–25, 1968 (Apollo 8) and the first Moon landing on July 20, 1969 (Apollo 11), and a series of catastrophic N1 failures, both Soviet programs were eventually brought to an end. The Proton-based Zond program was canceled in 1970, and the N1 / L3 program was terminated de facto in 1974 and officially canceled in 1976. Details of both Soviet programs were kept secret until 1990, when the government allowed them to be published under the policy of glasnost.

OV

Ov or OV may refer to:

Vanadium(III) oxide

Vanadium(III) oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula V₂O₃. It is a black solid prepared by reduction of V₂O₅ with hydrogen or carbon monoxide.It is a basic oxide dissolving in acids to give solutions of vanadium(III) complexes. V₂O₃ has the corundum structure. It is antiferromagnetic with a critical temperature of 160 K. At this temperature there is an abrupt change in conductivity from metallic to insulating.

Upon exposure to air it gradually converts into indigo-blue V₂O₄.

In nature it occurs as the very rare mineral karelianite.

References

Vanadium(V) oxide

Vanadium(V) oxide (vanadia) is the inorganic compound with the formula V₂O₅. Commonly known as vanadium pentoxide, it is a brown/yellow solid, although when freshly precipitated from aqueous solution, its colour is deep orange. Because of its high oxidation state, it is both an amphoteric oxide and an oxidizing agent. From the industrial perspective, it is the most important compound of vanadium, being principal precursor to alloys of vanadium and is a widely used industrial catalyst.

The mineral form of this compound, shcherbinaite, is extremely rare, almost always found among fumaroles. A mineral trihydrate, V₂O₅·3H₂O, is also known under the name of navajoite.

Chemical properties

Upon heating, it reversibly loses oxygen, successively forming V₂O₄, V₂O₃, VO and the metal.

Acid-base reactions

Unlike most metal oxides, it dissolves slightly in water to give a pale yellow, acidic solution. When this compound is formed by V₂O₅ it is an amphoteric oxide. Thus :V₂O₅ reacts with strong non-reducing acids to form solutions containing the pale yellow salts containing dioxovanadium(V) centers: