Not proven

Not proven is a verdict available to a court in Scotland. As with other judicial systems, the burden to prove guilt rests with the prosecution.

Under Scots law, a criminal trial may end in one of three verdicts: one of conviction ("guilty") and two of acquittal ("not proven" and "not guilty").

Historically, the two verdicts available to Scots juries were that the case had been "proven" or "not proven". However, in a dramatic case in 1728 the jury asserted "its ancient right" to bring in a "not guilty" verdict even when the facts of the case were proven (see jury nullification). As the "not guilty" verdict gained wide acceptance amongst Scots juries, Scots began to use "not guilty" in cases where the jury felt the "not proven" verdict did not adequately express the innocence of the person on trial. Shrewd defence then further encouraged this interpretation in order to persuade juries unwilling to bring in a "not guilty" verdict that the "not proven" could be brought in as a lesser or "third verdict".

Proven

Proven is a rural village in the Belgian province of West-Flanders, and a "deelgemeente" of the municipality Poperinge. The village has about 1400 inhabitants.

The church and parish of Proven are named after Saint Victor. The Saint Victor Church was rebuilt in 1806, after the late Gothic church from the early 17th century burnt down in 1802. In popular speech, the tower is called "peperbus" (pepper shaker).

Proben

Proben (sometimes also "Chicken proben", or spelled "Proven") is a type of street food popular in some regions of the Philippines. It consists essentially of the proventriculus of a chicken, dipped in cornstarch, and deep-fried. It is served either in a small bagful of vinegar, or skewered on bamboo sticks to be dipped in the vinegar just before it is eaten.

Proven is particularly favored among towns in Laguna, and by students of the University of the Philippines Los Baños, where enjoying a taste of the snack in the afternoon has become a popular part of campus culture, similar to the iconic status given to Isaw at the University of the Philippines Diliman. It is also particularly favored on the streets of Cagayan de Oro and Iligan City.

Nutritional value

A nutritional study conducted by UPLB noted that, as with most street foods, the microbial quality of the proben is a concern. However, the study noted that the pathogenic food-borne microbes in proben are mostly destroyed when it is cooked. The microbes only return if the proben is stored at ambient temperature after having been cooked. The study concluded that the risk of contamination can be reduced simply "through practice of personal hygiene employing standard cooking temperature (171-185 deg C) and time (10-15 min)" and by making sure that the proben is cooked just before it is eaten.

Proven (company)

Proven is a hiring tool and job board for small businesses. Proven's software allows managers to post their jobs with one click to job boards including Simply Hired, Craigslist, Indeed, Proven and 15 others. Proven also offers tools that allow managers to sort, evaluate, message and onboard applicants. Job seekers can apply directly to jobs on the Proven mobile apps, through the Proven website or through any of the other job boards that Proven posts to. Proven is currently based in San Francisco, California and is used by over 1,000 small businesses throughout the United States.

History

Proven was co-founded by Pablo Fuentes, Sean Falconer, and Joe Mellin in 2009. The company is privately held with seed investment from Andreessen Horowitz, Greylock Partners, Kapor Capital, 500 Startups, Founder Collective, Morado Ventures, and other angels.

In August 2012, Proven launched its free Proven Job Search app for iOS. In December 2012, Proven Job Search for Android was launched. Proven Job Search allows users to search and apply to jobs directly from their iOS or Android device. Users can also import their resume, or create one directly within the app.