Jainism

Jainism (/ˈdʒeɪnɪzəm/ or /ˈdʒaɪnɪzəm/), traditionally known as Jain dharma, is an ancient Indian religion that prescribes the path of Nonviolence (ahiṃsā) towards all living beings.Jain philosophy distinguishes the soul (consciousnesses) from the body (matter). Jains believe that all living beings are really soul; intrinsically perfect and immortal. Souls in transmigration (saṃsāra) are said to be embodied in the body like a prison and therefore, experience birth and death. Practitioners believe non-injury (ahimsa) and self-control are the means to liberation from the cycle of births and deaths. The liberated souls are worshipped as God in Jainism. Jain texts reject the idea of a creator or destroyer God and postulates an eternal universe.

Overview

Jain cosmology divides the worldly cycle of time into two parts or half-cycles. According to Jains, in every half-cycle of time, twenty-four tirthankaras grace this part of the Universe to teach the unchanging doctrine of right faith, right knowledge and right conduct. The word Tīrthankara signifies the founder of a tirtha, which means a fordable passage across a sea. The Tirthankara show the 'fordable path' across the sea of interminable births and deaths. Modern history records the existence of last tirthankara, Mahavira (6th century B.C.) and his predecessor Parshvanatha. Jain texts expound that Jainism has always existed and will always exist.

Java APIs for Integrated Networks

Java APIs for Integrated Networks (JAIN) is an activity within the Java Community Process, developing APIs for the creation of telephony (voice and data) services. Originally, JAIN stood for Java APIs for Intelligent Network. The name was later changed to Java APIs for Integrated Networks to reflect the widening scope of the project. The JAIN activity consists of a number of "Expert Groups", each developing a single API specification.

Trend

JAIN is part of a general trend to open up service creation in the telephony network so that, by analogy with the Internet, openness should result in a growing number of participants creating services, in turn creating more demand and better, more targeted services.

Goal

A goal of the JAIN APIs is to abstract the underlying network, so that services can be developed independent of network technology, be it traditional PSTN or Next Generation Network.

API

The JAIN effort has produced around 20 APIs, in various stages of standardization, ranging from Java APIs for specific network protocols, such as SIP and TCAP, to more abstract APIs such as for call control and charging, and even including a non-Java effort for describing telephony services in XML.

Next (Sevendust album)

Next is the fifth studio album by alternative metal band Sevendust, released on October 11, 2005, a little over two years after their previous album, Seasons.

Track listing

Chart positions

Album

Singles

Personnel

References

Next (The Sensational Alex Harvey Band album)

Next is the second album by The Sensational Alex Harvey Band. The album was released in 1973. It was released separately on CD, though it is widely available on a 2 in 1 album, the other album being their debut album Framed.

"Swampsnake" was covered by American rock band Zilch on their 1998 debut album 3.2.1..

"The Faith Healer" was covered by Australian psychedelic rock band The Church on their 1999 covers album A Box of Birds.

Track listing

All songs written and composed by Alex Harvey and Hugh McKenna, except where noted. 

Personnel

Band

Technical

References

External links

Next (cigarette)

Next is a brand of cigarettes made by Altria. The brand was created by Philip Morris International after tax increases of tobacco in Malaysia pushed Marlboro out of the market.Next is also available in tobacco for rolling use.

Next International is sold in Canada as a discount cigarette brand which competes with other imported brands such as Viceroy, Legend, Studio and Pall Mall.

Varieties

Canada

See also

References