Network medicine

Network medicine is the application of network science towards identifying, preventing, and treating diseases. This field focuses on using network topology and network dynamics towards identifying diseases and developing medical drugs. Biological networks, such as protein-protein interactions and metabolic pathways, are utilized by network medicine. Disease networks, which map relationships between diseases and biological factors, also play an important role in the field. Epidemiology is extensively studied using network science as well; social networks and transportation networks are used to model the spreading of disease across populations.

Background

The term "network medicine" was first introduced in The New England Journal of Medicine in July 2007 by Albert-László Barabási in "Network Medicine - From Obesity to the "Diseasome"". Barabási states that biological systems, similarly to social and technological systems, contain many components that are connected in complicated relationships but are organized by simple principles. Using the recent development of network theory, the organizing principles can be comprehensively analyzed by representing systems as complex networks, which are collections of nodes linked together by a particular relationship. For networks pertaining to medicine, nodes represent biological factors (biomolecules, diseases, phenotypes, etc.) and links (edges) represent their relationships (physical interactions, shared metabolic pathway, shared gene, shared trait, etc.).

Medicine

Medicine (British English ⁱ/ˈmɛdsᵻn/; American English ⁱ/ˈmɛdᵻsᵻn/) is the science and practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. The word medicine is derived from Latin medicus, meaning "a physician". Medicine encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness.

Contemporary medicine applies biomedical sciences, biomedical research, genetics, and medical technology to diagnose, treat, and prevent injury and disease, typically through pharmaceuticals or surgery, but also through therapies as diverse as psychotherapy, external splints and traction, medical devices, biologics, and ionizing radiation, amongst others.

Medicine has existed for thousands of years, during most of which it was an art (an area of skill and knowledge) frequently having connections to the religious and philosophical beliefs of local culture. For example, a medicine man would apply herbs and say prayers for healing, or an ancient philosopher and physician would apply bloodletting according to the theories of humorism. In recent centuries, since the advent of science, most medicine has become a combination of art and science (both basic and applied, under the umbrella of medical science). While stitching technique for sutures is an art learned through practice, the knowledge of what happens at the cellular and molecular level in the tissues being stitched arises through science.

Medicine (Elsevier journal)

Medicine is a continually updated, evidence-based medical review journal covering internal medicine and its specialties. It was established by Simon Campbell-Smith in 1972 and is published by Medicine Publishing. The editor-in-chief is Allister Vale (City Hospital, Birmingham).

Scope

The journal aims to cover the fundamentals of internal medicine in a systematic way during a recurring four-year cycle – it can be seen as a general medicine textbook that is published "a chapter at a time". It covers the topics at a level appropriate to the non-specialist, providing clinicians with up-to-date, understandable clinical information. It is aimed specifically at trainees in internal medicine and its specialties who are preparing for postgraduate examinations. The journal is abstracted and indexed by Scopus and Embase.

Editors-in-chief

The following persons have been editor-in-chief ("chairman of the board") of the journal:

Medicine (Plies song)

"Medicine" is the first promo single of American hip hop recording artist Plies' fourth studio album, Goon Affiliated. The track is absent from the retail versions for unknown reasons, but is on the Amazon deluxe version. The track features American singer-songwriter Keri Hilson. There are two versions, one with a more radio friendly, slow beat and one with a more club beat.

The original version of the song was by Three 6 Mafia ft. Gucci Mane & Keri Hilson under the same title. The tempo is somewhat slower in that version.

The song contains a sample of "Ex fan des sixties" by Jane Birkin and composed by French singer and songwriter Serge Gainsbourg.

Music video

A music video was shot for the song and premiered on January 14, 2010. It takes place in a hospital where Keri Hilson plays a nurse and Plies is the doctor which makes reference to the song. Myammee from VH1 also makes a cameo in the beginning of the video.

Chart performance

References

Network

Networking and networking may refer to:

Biological, biosocial, electric, and electronic

Art, entertainment, and media

In organizations

Network (film)

Network is a 1976 American satirical film written by Paddy Chayefsky and directed by Sidney Lumet, about a fictional television network, UBS, and its struggle with poor ratings. The film stars Faye Dunaway, William Holden, Peter Finch, and Robert Duvall and features Wesley Addy, Ned Beatty, and Beatrice Straight.

The film won four Academy Awards, in the categories of Best Actor (Finch), Best Actress (Dunaway), Best Supporting Actress (Straight), and Best Original Screenplay (Chayefsky).

In 2000, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". In 2002, it was inducted into the Producers Guild of America Hall of Fame as a film that has "set an enduring standard for U.S. American entertainment". In 2006, the two Writers Guilds of America voted Chayefsky's script one of the 10 greatest screenplays in the history of cinema. In 2007, the film was 64th among the 100 greatest American films as chosen by the American Film Institute, a ranking slightly higher than the one AFI had given it ten years earlier.

Network (lobby group)

Network (stylized NETWORK), A National Catholic Social Justice Lobby, is headquartered in Washington, D.C. The organization focuses its lobbying efforts in the areas of economic justice, immigration reform, healthcare, peace making and ecology. Sister Simone Campbell is the executive director of NETWORK.

History

Network was founded in December 1971 when 47 Catholic Sisters involved in education, healthcare, and other direct service activities gathered from across the U.S. at Trinity College in Washington, D.C. , with the intent to form a new type of justice ministry. This was a time when the Catholic Church was undergoing dramatic changes in response to Vatican II reforms and calls from the Vatican and U.S. Bishops to seek "Justice in the World". Individual women religious had already become involved in the civil rights movement, and anti-war activism.

The 47 Sisters voted to form a national "network" of Sisters to lobby for federal policies and legislation that promote economic and social justice. This was the founding of Network, A National Catholic Social Justice Lobby. In April 1972 they opened a two-person office in Washington, D.C.