Black Hills
The Black Hills (Ȟe Sápa in Lakota, Moʼȯhta-voʼhonáaeva in Cheyenne, awaxaawi shiibisha in Hidatsa) are a small, isolated mountain range rising from the Great Plains of North America in western South Dakota and extending into Wyoming, United States.Harney Peak, which rises to 7,244 feet (2,208 m), is the range's highest summit. The Black Hills encompass the Black Hills National Forest. The name "Black Hills" is a translation of the Lakota Pahá Sápa. The hills were so-called because of their dark appearance from a distance, as they were covered in trees.
Native Americans have a long history in the Black Hills. After conquering the Cheyenne in 1776, the Lakota took over the territory of the Black Hills, which became central to their culture. In 1868, the U.S. government signed the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868, exempting the Black Hills from all white settlement forever. However, when European Americans discovered gold there in 1874, as a result of George Armstrong Custer's Black Hills Expedition, miners swept into the area in a gold rush. The US government reassigned the Lakota, against their wishes, to other reservations in western South Dakota. Unlike most of South Dakota, the Black Hills were settled by European Americans primarily from population centers to the west and south of the region, as miners flocked there from earlier gold boom locations in Colorado and Montana.
Black Hills (Greenlee County)
The Black Hills of Greenlee County are a 20 mi (32 km) long mountain range of the extreme northeast Sonoran Desert bordering the south of the White Mountains of eastern Arizona's transition zone.
The mountain range is bordered by the Gila River, and the range is a large block that forces the Gila to flow northwest, west, southwest; at the west, the Gila River begins an excursion northwest at the start of the Gila Valley, where Safford and Thatcher lie in the valley.
The southwest quarter of the mountain range lies in the southeast of Graham County.
Description
The Black Hills are on the southern border of the Arizona transition zone, with the complete excursion of the Gila River and mountain range in the zone, and valleys to the south, in the Sonoran Desert.
The center south of the range starts the northern drainage into the small Whitlock Valley. The southeast of the Black Hills start the small hills at the north of a north-south stretch of the Peloncillo Mountains. The southwest of the range start the small hills associated with the northeast of the north-south small range of the Whitlock Mountains.
Black Hills (Oregon)
The Black Hills are a mountain range in Lake County, Oregon. They are located to the immediate south of the community of Christmas Valley; just off of Old Lake Highway.
References
Needles (Black Hills)
The Needles of the Black Hills of South Dakota are a region of eroded granite pillars, towers, and spires within Custer State Park. Popular with rock climbers and tourists alike, the Needles are accessed from the Needles Highway, which is a part of Sylvan Lake Road (SD 87/89). The Cathedral Spires and Limber Pine Natural Area, a 637-acre portion of the Needles containing six ridges of pillars as well as a disjunct stand of limber pine, was designated a National Natural Landmark in 1976.
The Needles were the original site proposed for the Mount Rushmore carvings. The location was rejected by the sculptor Gutzon Borglum owing to the poor quality of the granite and the fact that they were too thin to support the sculptures. The Needles attract approximately 300,000 people annually.
Climbing
The area has a rich history of bold climbing by greatest climbers of their era, and has long been known for its purist ethics. In 1936 Fritz Wiessner climbed the Totem Pole and in 1937 Khayyam Spire with Bill House and Lawrence Coveney. In 1947 Jan and Herb Conn moved to the area and in next couple decades put up over 220 first ascents. In 1952 Fred Beckey and John Dudra climbed Rubaiyat Spire and Khayyam Spire. In the 1960s climbers such as Royal Robbins, and Henry Barber put up many bold routes. In 1961 John Gill made free solo ascent of class 5.12a route on The Thimble which is considered one of the first climbs at that grade and still is a formidable challenge. In 1970's and 1980's many climbs were added by local climbers, such as Paul Muehl, John Page, Bob Archbold and Pete Delonney. In 1991 John Sherman also made a free solo ascent of Gill's Route.
Black Hills (Riverside County)
The Black Hills are a small and low mountain range in the northern Peninsular Ranges System, in Riverside County, southern California.
They are located east of the city of Temecula. Vail Lake reservoir is to the south at the base of the hills.
See also
References
Black Hills (Washington)
The Black Hills are a small range of hills in Thurston and Grays Harbor counties of Washington. They are a subset of the Willapa Hills. 2,589-foot (789 m) Capitol Peak is the highest peak in the range.
The former name for the Black Hills was the Black Mountains.
The Capitol State Forest has roughly the same boundaries as the Black Hills.
The high school A.G. West Black Hills is named for the hills. So is Black Hills Community Hospital and the local soccer club the Blackhills Football Club.
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Black Hills (Yavapai County)
The Black Hills of Yavapai County are a large mountain range of central Arizona in southeast Yavapai County. It is bordered by the Verde Valley to the east. The northwest section of the range is bisected from the southeast section by Interstate 17, which is the main route connecting Phoenix to Sedona, Oak Creek Canyon, and Flagstaff. This bisection point is the approximate center of the mostly northwest by southeast trending range. The northwest section contains a steep escarpment on the northeast with the Verde Valley, the escarpment being the location of the fault-block that created the historic mining district at Jerome.
The range is also the first major fault-blocked range west of the Mogollon Rim on the southwest margin of the Colorado Plateau in Arizona. The range is at the northwest-center of the Arizona transition zone which extends diagonally across central Arizona.
Description
The highest point of the Black Hills (Arizona) is Woodchute Mountain at 7,840 feet (2,390 m).Mingus Mountain lies 4.0 miles (6.4 km) south of Woodchute Mountain with historic Cherry 8.7 miles (14.0 km) further to the southeast.
