N'Délé

N'Délé or Ndele is a market town and sub prefecture in the north eastern Central African Republic, lying east of the Bamingui-Bangoran National Park. Ndélé is the capital of Bamingui-Bangoran, one of the 14 prefectures of the Central African Republic. N'Délé had a population of 10,850 as of the 2003 census; and a calculated 2013 population of 13,704.

The tata, or fortified wall, creates a citadel-like palace on a hill overlooking N'Délé. It was constructed at the behest of Sultan Mohammed al-Sanussi in the late 19th Century. N'Délé, the tata, and the Kaga-Kpoungouvou Caves were collectively added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List on April 11, 2006 in the Cultural category. There is an airport in the city. When the fighting resumed in December 2012 between the FACA loyalists and the rebel coalition of Séléka, the city fell to rebel forces.

Climate

Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as tropical wet and dry (Aw).

References

Books

MT-ND4L

NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 4L is a protein that in humans is encoded by the mitochondrial gene MT-ND4L. The ND4L protein is a subunit of NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), which is located in the mitochondrial inner membrane and is the largest of the five complexes of the electron transport chain. Variants of MT-ND4L are associated with increased BMI in adults and Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON).

Structure

The MT-ND4L gene is located in human mitochondrial DNA from base pair 10,469 to 10,765. An unusual feature of the human MT-ND4L gene is the 7-nucleotide gene overlap of its last three codons (5'-CAA TGC TAA-3' coding for Gln, Cys and Stop) with the first three codons of the MT-ND4 gene (5'-ATG CTA AAA-3' coding for amino acids Met-Leu-Lys). With respect to the MT-ND4L reading frame (+1), the MT-ND4 gene starts in the +3 reading frame: [CAA][TGC][TAA]AA versus CA[ATG][CTA][AAA].

The MT-ND4L gene produces an 11 kDa protein composed of 98 amino acids. MT-ND4L is one of seven mitochondrially-encoded subunits of the enzyme NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone). Also known as Complex I, it is the largest of the respiratory complexes. The structure is L-shaped with a long, hydrophobic transmembrane domain and a hydrophilic domain for the peripheral arm that includes all the known redox centres and the NADH binding site. MT-ND4L and the rest of the mitochondrially encoded subunits are the most hydrophobic of the subunits of Complex I and form the core of the transmembrane region.