Baiju Bawra

Baijnath Mishra, better known as Baiju Bawra ("Baiju the Crazy"), was a dhrupad musician from medieval India. Nearly all the information on Baiju Bawra comes from legends, and lacks historical authenticity. According to the most popular legends, he lived in the Mughal period during the 15th and 16th centuries. He was one of the court musicians of Raja Mansingh Tomar of Gwalher (now Gwalior).

Legend of Bacchu

Some medieval narratives, mentioned in works such as Mirat-i-Sikandari (17th century), describe an incident about a Gujarati singer called Bacchu (also known as Bakshu or Manjhu). According to the narrative, Bacchu was a musician in the court of Sultan Bahadur Shah of Gujarat. When the Mughal emperor Humayun attacked Bahadur Shah's contingent in Mandu, Bacchu fell in the hands of a Mughal soldier. He was about to be killed, when he was recognized by a Raja allied with the Mughals. The Raja introduced him to emperor Humayun, who was pleased with his singing and granted his wish to release the Gujarati prisoners. Bacchu remained in service of the emperor for some days, but then ran away to Sultan Bahadur Shah, who had escaped from Mandu to Champaner.

Baiju Bawra (film)

Baiju Bawra is a 1952 Hindi film directed by Vijay Bhatt. Produced by Prakash Pictures, with story by Ramchandra Thakur and dialogues by Zia Sarhadi, Baiju Bawra was a musical "megahit". Bhatt's decision to make a film based on classical music was met with scepticism by the Indian film industry due to its "lack of mass appeal", but the film and music turned out be an "overwhelming success". The film's music director was Naushad, who had become popular giving folk-based music in films like Rattan, Anmol Ghadi, Shahjehan (1946) and Deedar (1951). With Bhatt's Baiju Bawra, Naushad introduced classical component in Hindi film songs. The soundtrack based on light classical ragas, made use of folk, thumri or dadra, with a stronger raga used in the last contest song between Tansen and Baiju. The lyricist was Shakeel Badayuni, a Naushad discovery. For Baiju Bawra, he had to forgo Urdu, and write lyrics in pure Hindi, with songs like the bhajan, "Man Tadpat Hari Darshan Ko Aaj", becoming popular.

Naushad

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Naushad Ali (Hindi: नौशाद अली, Urdu: نوشاد علی خیدر‎;26 December 1919 – 5 May 2006) was an Indian musician. He was one of the foremost music directors for Hindi films, and is particularly known for popularising the use of classical music in films.

His first film as an independent music director was Prem Nagar in 1940. His first musical success film was Rattan (1944), following it up with 35 silver jubilee hits, 12 golden jubilee and 3 diamond jubilee mega successes. Naushad was conferred the Dadasaheb Phalke Award and the Padma Bhushan in 1982 and 1992, respectively, for his contribution to the Bollywood film industry.

Early life and education

Naushad was born and raised in Lucknow, a city with a long tradition as a center of Indian Muslim culture. His father, Wahid Ali, was a munshi (court clerk). As a child, Naushad would visit the annual fair at the Deva Sharif in Barabanki, 25 km from Lucknow, where all the great qawwals and musicians of those days would perform before the devotees. He studied Hindustani music there under Ustad Ghurbat Ali, Ustad Yusuf Ali, Ustad Babban Saheb, and others. He also repaired harmoniums.

Baiju

Baiju was a Mongol commander in Persia (fl. 1230-1260, also known as Bayju Noyon or Baichu) appointed by Ögedei Khan to succeed Chormagan, and expand Mongol power further in that area.

Baiju took over command in 1241 or 1242, and immediately moved against the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm, shattering its power at the Battle of Köse Dag in 1243. After this battle, the Sultanate became a vassal state of the Mongol empire and was forced to release David VI Narin. He installed his protégé David Narin to the throne of Georgia to oppose Queen Rusudan's decision. However, the Mongols had few forces in the area, and were content to maintain their vassals with punitive raids. Baiju led Mongol tumens to raid Syria in 1246. Despite his small successes there, his next two attempts to invade the Abbasid Caliphate in Iraq met less success in 1238-1246.

At the end of the regency following Ögedei's death, however, Baiju was replaced by the new khan Güyük with Eljigidei in 1246, but Eljigidei and his entire family were purged in the accession of Möngke Khan in 1251 or 1252. Under Baiju in the 1240s and 1250s, the Mongols retained their power in what is roughly modern-day Iran, and tolerated the independence of the Sultanate, Georgia, and petty states in Iran as clients, interfering with dynastic succession and extracting tribute militarily as necessary. However, the Abbasids in Baghdad and the Assassins in the Elbruz mountains maintained their independence until the coming of Hulegu, Möngke's brother, in 1255.

Baiju (disambiguation)

Baiju may refer to:

Baiju (folk art)

Baiju (Chinese: 白局; pinyin: bái jú), also called Baiqu (Chinese: 百曲; pinyin: bǎi qǔ), originating from the rural Luhe District, formed during the Yuan dynasty, is a traditional type of singing and a form of Quyi. It has a history of more than 600 years. Though belittled by the upper class, Baiju was very popular among the lower classes. It is also the only kind of old local opera in Nanjing, known as a native art which singing and telling in the Nanjing dialect and particularly rich in rhyme. Baiju is often performed in the form of a solo monologue or in the form of a dialogue, just like Xiangsheng (a traditional Chinese oral art). When acted, it needs from two performers to five performers. It is very easy to understand with strong local characteristics, but unfortunately, due to the decline of both performers and audiences, the prospects for Baiju are not optimistic. The origin of its name is performers not receiving any pay for their show ("Bai" here means "free" and "ju" here means " a show").