List of roads in Iceland

This article lists numbered roads in Iceland.

Road types

National roads

Roads belonging to the national highway system are maintained by the Icelandic Road Administration. They are categorized into the following types:

Other roads

F roads are unpaved tracks that may only be driven in vehicles with four-wheel drive. Some include unbridged rivers that must be forded.

List of roads

Roads with one-digit numbers

Roads with two-digit numbers

Roads with three-digit numbers

List of highways numbered 579

The following highways are numbered 579:

Canada

Ontario Highway 579

United States

I-579

MD 579

SR 579

CR 579

SR 579

List of highways numbered 781

Route 781, or Highway 781, may refer to:

Canada

Israel

Route 781 (Israel)

United Kingdom

A781 road

United States

I-781

SR 781

KY 781

MD 781

SR 781

SR 781

National Road

The National Road (also known as the Cumberland Road) was the first major improved highway in the United States to be built by the Federal Government. About 620 miles (1,000 km) long, the National Road connected the Potomac and Ohio Rivers and was a gateway to the West for thousands of settlers. When rebuilt in the 1830s, the Cumberland Road became the first U.S. road surfaced with the macadam process pioneered by Scotsman John Loudon McAdam.

Construction began heading west in 1811 at Cumberland, Maryland, on the Potomac River. It crossed the Allegheny Mountains and southwestern Pennsylvania, reaching Wheeling, Virginia (now West Virginia), on the Ohio River in 1818. Subsequent efforts pushed the Road across the states of Ohio and Indiana. Plans were made to continue through St. Louis, at the confluence of the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers, and to the territorial capital of Jefferson City of the Missouri Territory (previously the old Louisiana Purchase of 1803, and the later part of which became the State of Missouri), upstream on the Missouri River. After the Financial Panic of 1837 and the resulting economic depression, however, Congressional funding ran dry and construction was stopped at Vandalia, Illinois, the territorial capital of the Illinois Territory, northeast of St. Louis and the Mississippi River.

National Road (Cambridge, Ohio)

National Road, also known as Peacock Road, is located off of U.S. Route 40 between Cambridge and Old Washington, Ohio. The road was placed on the National Register on 1985-08-23.

History

The National Road was authorized by President Thomas Jefferson on March 29, 1806 and reached out to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The road was later expanded to stretch to Jefferson City, Missouri. The road closely followed Zane's Trace, an earlier path, and came through the Guernsey County area around 1838.

The road currently known as Peacock Road contains original brick sections of 1918 construction. However, due to costs, parts of the road were left unpaved until World War II, when the road was used for war shipment. Local inmates were used as a cost saving method to brick up the sections. When Route 40 was diverted north of this section, the old road was unknowingly saved for posterity.

Peacock Road

Part of the National Road in Center Township retains its early twentieth-century appearance. Virtually no changes have been made since the 1920s, including the pavement; the bricks laid in 1918 remain in place. This section of the road runs approximately east-west between Old Washington and Cambridge, a distance of 5 miles (8.0 km).

National routes (South Africa)

National routes in South Africa are a class of roads and freeways which connect major cities. They form the highest category in the South African route numbering scheme, and are designated with route numbers beginning with "N", from N1 to N18. Most segments of the national route network are maintained by the South African National Roads Agency (SANRAL), but some are maintained by provincial or local road authorities.

The system was mostly built during the 1970s by the National Party government of South Africa, although construction of new roads and repairs of existing stretches continue today. The system was modeled on the United States Interstate Highway network, an idea first brought into effect by US President Dwight D. Eisenhower during the 1950s, based on the German Autobahn, which he experienced when touring Germany after the Second World War.

Definition

National routes are defined and numbered by the Route Numbering and Road Traffic Signs Sub Committee within the Roads Co-ordinating Body, an organisation which contains representatives from road authorities in national, provincial and local government. The term "national road" is frequently used to refer to a national route, but technically a "national road" is any road maintained by the South African National Roads Agency (SANRAL) and need not necessarily form part of a national route. There are also parts of the national route network that are maintained by provincial or local authorities rather than SANRAL.

Iceland

Iceland (ⁱ/ˈaɪslænd/; Icelandic: Ísland [ˈistlant]), also called the Republic of Iceland, is a Nordic island country between the North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean. It has a population of 329,100 and an area of 103,000 km² (40,000 sq mi), making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe. The capital and largest city is Reykjavík. Reykjavík and the surrounding areas in the southwest of the country are home to over two-thirds of the population. Iceland is volcanically and geologically active. The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields, mountains and glaciers, while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands. Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate, despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle. Its high latitude and marine influence still keeps summers chilly, with most of the archipelago having a tundra climate.

According to Landnámabók, the settlement of Iceland began in the year 874 when the Norwegian chieftain Ingólfr Arnarson became the first permanent settler on the island. In the following centuries, mainly Norwegians and to a smaller extent other Scandinavians settled Iceland, bringing with them thralls of Gaelic origin. From 1262 to 1814, Iceland was ruled by Norway and afterwards by Denmark. Until the 20th century, the country relied largely on fishing and agriculture. Iceland became independent in 1918 and a republic in 1944. Industrialisation of the fisheries and Marshall Plan aid following World War II brought prosperity and Iceland became one of the wealthiest and most developed nations in the world. In 1994, it became a part of the European Economic Area, which supported diversification into economic and financial services.